intelli.lang.en = {"login":"Login","interface_language":"Interface Language","password":"Password","forgot_password":"Forgot your password?","login_btn":"Login","invalid_username":"Invalid username.","invalid_password":"Invalid password.","changes_saved":"Changes saved","items_deleted":"Deleted.","save_changes":"Save Changes","home":"Home","help":"Help","error_name":"Name is incorrect.","plan_added":"Plan added.","edit":"Edit","delete":"Delete","field_url":"Listing URL","field_title":"Title","field_description":"Description","field_email":"Email","field_reciprocal":"Reciprocal URL","order":"Order","description":"Description","title":"Title","add":"Add","view_all":"View All","search":"Search","logout":"Logout","date":"Date","status":"Status","go":"Go","_select_":"-- select --","reply":"Reply","email_sent":"Email sent.","body":"Body","from":"From","body_incorrect":"Body is incorrect.","to":"To","subject":"Subject","author":"Author","email":"Email","listings":"Listings","sponsored":"Sponsored","featured":"Featured","partner":"Partner","total":"Total","reciprocal":"Reciprocal","comments":"Comments","accounts":"Accounts","move":"Move","password_incorrect":"Password is incorrect.","passwords_not_match":"Passwords do not match.","account_added":"Account added.","account":"Account","browse_categories":"Browse Categories","create":"Create","browse":"Browse","category":"Category","listing":"Listing","expand_all":"Expand All","collapse_all":"Collapse All","done":"Done","all_categories":"All Categories","all_listings":"All Listings","title_incorrect":"Title incorrect.","plan_assigned":"Sponsored plan assigned.","yes":"Yes","no":"No","comment":"Comment","partner_since":"Partner Since","clicks":"Clicks","rating":"Rating","featured_since":"Featured Since","ban":"Ban","deleted":"Deleted.","send":"Send","disable":"Disable","myfield":"myfield","pagerank":"PageRank","some":"some","unknown_upload":"Unknown error during file upload.","incorrect_filetype":"Incorrect file type.","upload_correct_permission":"Couldn't copy uploaded image to the destination. Please make sure that the script has write permission.","view":"View","additional_fields":"Additional Fields","rank":"Rank","incorrect_email":"Please input correct email.","username":"Username","fullname":"Full Name","payment_notif":"Payment Notification","password_confirm":"Password Confirmation","enabled":"Enabled","disabled":"Disabled","no_comments":"No Comments.","page":"Page","pages":"Pages","page_content_sample":"Your page content should be here...","url":"URL","suggest_listing":"Suggest Listing","listing_details":"Listing Details","image_width":"Image Width","remove":"Remove","of":"of","first_page":"First Page","previous_page":"Previous Page","next_page":"Next Page","last_page":"Last Page","no_listings":"No listings yet created. <a href=\"suggest-listing.php?id=0\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Click here<\/a> to add new one.","any_word":"any word","all_words":"all words","exact_match":"exact match","language":"Language","default":"Default","set_default":"Set Default","download":"Download","about":"About Us","account_created":"Account created! Thank you!","advanced_search":"Advanced Search","advertise":"Advertise Us","approval_listings":"Waiting Approval","ascending":"ascending","author_email":"Author Email","category_title":"Category title","category_submitted":"Category was submitted for consideration!","change_password":"Change Password","characters_left":"characters left","click_here":"Click here","comment_added":"Comment added.","comment_author":"Comment Author","comment_rank":"Listing Rank: ","company_info":"Company Info","company_jobs":"Company Jobs","company_policy":"Company Policy","company_terms":"Terms Of Service","complete_submission":"Complete submission","confirmation_sent":"Confirmation for password change request sent.","current_password":"Current Password","description_empty":"Description is empty!","descending":"descending","edit_account":"Edit Account","edit_info":"Edit Info","edit_listing":"Edit Listing","account_email_exists":"Account with this email already exists!","account_listings":"My listings","account_login":"Account Login","account_no_listings":"You have not submitted any listings. Please choose correct category and make sure it fits your listing best. Then click SUGGEST LISTING, input requested information and submit it. <br \/> Usually it takes about 24 hours for a listing to be reviewed by administrator.","accounts_area":"Accounts Area","error":"Error","featured_listings":"Featured","first":"First","free":"Free","friend_fullname":"Your friend's fullname","friend_told":"Message has just been sent to your friend.","forgot":"Forgot password?","last":"Last","leave_comment":"Leave Comment","listing_added":"Listing added","listing_changed":"Listing changed","listing_rank":"Listing Rank","listing_status":"Listing Status","listing_submitted":"Thank you! Your listing was submitted for consideration","listings_found":"Listings Found: ","logged_out":"You have been logged out.","my_categories":"My Categories","my_listings":"My listings","new_listings":"New listings","new_password":"New Password","new_password2":"New Password[confirm]","new_password_sent":"New password has just been sent to account email!","neighbour_categories":"Neighbour Categories","next":"Next","no_results":"No results","non_sponsored":"Non sponsored link","not_found_listings":"No listings found. Please try to broaden your search criterias!","not_available":"Not available","no_approval_listings":"No listings waiting for approval in your categories","not_rated":"This listing is not rated yet. Be the first who rates it!","partner_listings":"Partner listings","policy":"Privacy Policy","previous":"Previous","purchase":"purchase","reason":"Reason","related_categories":"Related Categories","restore_password":"Restore password","statistics":"Statistics","sponsored_listings":"Sponsored","sponsored_plan":"Sponsored Plan","sponsored_plans":"Sponsored Plans","submit":"Submit","submission":"Submission","suggest_category_top1":"You are going to suggest category here:","suggest_listing_top1":"You are going to suggest your listing to the following category:","suggest_listing_top2":"Please make sure your listing fits this category.","purchase_successful":"Thank you. We received your payment.","password_changed":"Password has been successfully changed.","passwords_dont_match":"Passwords you entered do not match.","password_empty":"You have not entered a new password.","popular_listings":"Popular listings","posted":"posted on ","rate_listing":"Rate Listing","report_broken_listing":"Report Broken  Listing","rating_num":"Number of Ratings:","reciprocal_empty":"Reciprocal link is empty!","register":"Register","register_account":"Do not have an account?","submission_confirmation":"Please verify if submitted information is correct.","upgrade_listing":"Upgrade Listing","url_empty":"url is empty!","username_empty":"Make sure you entered valid username or your account is active.","terms":"Terms of Use","title_empty":"Title is empty!","thanks":"Thank you.","thank_text":"to get back to index page.","thanks_for_vote":"Thanks for vote.","top_listings":"Top listings","total_num_listings":"Number of listings:","transaction_failed":"Transaction failed! Please contact us!","transaction_failed2":"Stop trying hack our site! Your ip is has been tracked!","transaction_success_title":"Transaction successful!","transaction_success":"Transaction successful! You will be sent an email within 24 hours!","view_amazon":"View Amazon Info","view_listing":"View Listing","view_my_listings":"View My listings","view_my_categories":"Categories To Edit","your_email":"Your email","your_listing_category":"Your listing category","your_listing_url":"Your listing URL","your_listing_title":"Your listing title","your_listing_description":"Your listing description","your_listing_reciprocal":"Listing reciprocal URL","your_message":"Your message here","your_password":"Your password","your_password_confirm":"Confirm your password","your_username":"Your username","your_username_here":"Your username here:","welcome":"Welcome","choose_plan":"Choose a Plan","change_plan":"Change plan","wrong_image_type":"Only following image types are allowed (<i>{types}<\/i>) for `{name}` field","sort_listings_by":"Sort listings by: ","alphabetic":"Alphabetic","error_already_voted":"You've already voted. Please try later.","error_banned":"Listing was banned. Please do not try to add it again.","error_broken_listing":"Listing seems to be broken. Please check it manually.","error_captcha":"Make sure you entered valid captcha code.","error_category_empty":"Please go into appropriate category and become account there.","error_category_exists":"Category was already suggested before.","error_category_locked":"This category is locked by administrator.","error_contact_fullname":"Please fill in full name.","error_directory_readonly":"Uploads directory is readonly. Please make it writable.","error_email_incorrect":"Make sure you entered valid email.","error_sponsored":"You should choose sponsored plan. Only sponsored listings are accepted.","error_listing_present":"Your listing already exists in directory.","error_file_upload":"Unknown error during file upload.","error_max_description":"Your description length should be less than {num} symbols.","error_min_description":"Your description length should be more than {num} symbols.","error_comment":"Make sure you entered valid comment.","error_comment_author":"Make sure you entered valid comment author.","error_comment_email":"Make sure you entered valid author email.","error_max_comment":"Your comment length should be less than {maxLength} symbols.","error_min_comment":"Your comment length should be more than {minLength} symbols.","error_no_account_email":"No accounts registered with this email.","error_root_category":"You can not suggest in root category. Please choose an appropiate category and try again.","error_suggest_logged":"You should be logged in to suggest listings.","error_password_empty":"Please input correct password.","error_password_match":"Passwords do not match.","error_reciprocal_listing":"Please input correct reciprocal link.","error_reciprocal_domain":"Please make sure you use a backlink from your domain.","error_username_empty":"Please input correct username.","error_username_exists":"Username already taken. Please input different username.","error_account_incorrect":"Please fill in username.","error_accountpsw_incorrect":"Please fill in password.","200":"URL located, content follows (200)","301":"Object moved permanently (301)","302":"Object moved (302)","304":"Not modified (304)","400":"Bad request (400)","401":"Unauthorized(401)","403":"Forbidden (403)","404":"Requested URL not found (404)","500":"Unknown server error (500)","503":"Server capacity reached (503)","666":"Error occurred while paid listing submission. Please try to sugget a listing again.","667":"Incorrect listing id during payment processing.","668":"Incorrect plan id during payment processing.","669":"You used demo transaction. Please stop cheating.","670":"Accounts functionality disabled by administrator.","671":"Permission denied. You don't have enough permission to modify that listing.","672":"Suggest category functionality disabled by administrator.","673":"Your IP-address was banned by administrator","cancel":"Cancel","click_here_to_edit":"Click here to edit.","reset":"Reset","key":"Key","value":"Value","filename":"Filename","all_languages":"All Languages","search_in":"Search in","search_for_text":"Search for Text","save":"Save","no_backlink":"No backlink","position":"Position","other":"Other","copy":"Copy","field_is_empty":"\"{field}\" is empty.","no_sponsored_plans":"No sponsored plans created.","broken_report_sent":"A report has been sent to the site administrator.","report":"Report","close":"Close","report_as_broken":"Report the link {lurl} as being broken.","do_you_want_report_broken":"Do you want to report broken listing?","ascii_required":"Only alphanumeric ASCII characters are allowed","1":"Not available","expire":"Expire","vote":"Vote","payment_done":"Thank you for your payment. Your transaction has been completed, and a receipt for your purchase has been emailed to you. Once the administrator approves your listing it will appear as sponsored in our listings.","oops":"Oops!","payment_canceled":"Since you canceled the payment your listing will not appear as sponsored.","folder_incorrect_permissions":"Sorry, you have not set necessary permissions. Please set writable permissions for the following directory {name}","expire_date":"Expire date","random_listings":"Random listings","total_votes":"Total <b>{num}<\/b> votes","suggest_category":"Suggest Category","parent_category":"Parent category","searchable":"Searchable","file_types":"Allowed file types (comma separated values (don't include point), example: pdf, doc, odf, mov)","section":"Search section","sections":"Search sections","contains":"Contains","where":"Where","search_match":"Match","relevance":"Relevance","perpage":"Per page","output_settings":"Output settings","deep_links":"Deep links","start_search":"Start search","confirmation":"Confirmation","na":"n\/a","loading":"Loading ...","change":"change","listing_category":"Listing category","error_login":"Either login or password is invalid","user_default":"User default","exit":"Exit","youre_in_manage_mode":"You're in manage mode","code":"Code","quick_links":"Quick links","add_as_crossed_to_other_categories":"Add also to other categories as crossed","suspend":"Suspend","wrong_file_extension":"Wrong file extension for {field} field. Please use one of the following extensions <i>{allowed}<\/i>","go_back":"Go back","ok":"Ok","crossed_to":"Crossed to","move_listing":"Move listing","listing_returned":"Listing was returned back!","listing_move_confirmation":"You are going to move listing to another category, please be sure you want do this. If listing has active status it will be disapproved.","listing_fin_move_confirmation":"Are you sure you want to move this listing?","rate_this":"Rate this {rate}","apply":"Apply","favorites_added":"The Listing has been added to favorites.","view_my_favorites":"View My favorites","remove_from_favorites":"Remove from favorites","favorites_removed":"The Listing has been removed from favorites.","add_to_favorites":"Add To Favorites","my_favorite_listings":"My favorite listings","slogan":"Better living through<br \/>Amateur Radio!!","comment_approval":"Your comment is waiting for approval.","error_url":"You've entered invalid URL","vote_cast":"vote cast","vote_casts":"vote casts","search_criterias":"Search Criterias","listings_legend":"listings waiting for administrator approval","add_favorite":"Do you want to add the listing to favorites?","remove_favorite":"Do you want to remove the listing from favorites?","mcross_warning":"You can not cross one more link","cross_warning":"You can not cross listing into main category","page_title_index":"Home","page_title_search":"Search","page_title_new_listings":"New Listings","page_title_top_listings":"Top Listings","page_title_popular_listings":"Popular Listings","page_title_random_listings":"Random Listings","page_title_suggest_listing":"Suggest Listing","page_title_suggest_category":"Suggest Category","page_title_edit_account":"Edit Account","page_title_favorites_listings":"Favorites","page_title_account_listings":"My Listings","page_title_about":"About Us","page_title_terms":"Terms of Use","page_title_help":"Help","page_title_policy":"Privacy Policy","page_title_advertise":"Advertise Us","listings_submission_disabled":"Listings submission is disabled by adminstrator.","error_email":"Make sure you entered valid email.","thankyou_tail":"<p>Please read our letter with further instructions.<\/p><p>If you haven't received our letter or want to change email now, please <a href=\"forgot.php\">click here<\/a>.<\/p>","thankyou_head":"<p>Below is the information you submitted so far. You will be able to extend and edit this information via your member account.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #F00; font-weight: bold;\">IMPORTANT!<\/span> Your account password has been sent to the following email address:<\/p>","reg_confirmed":"Account confirmed. Please sign in.","reg_confirm_err":"Error. You key not found.","reg_confirmation":"Registration Confirmation","confirm":"Confirm","error_javascript":"You have to enable JavaScript in your browser.","redraw_captcha":"Click on image to redraw.","text_captcha":"Please input letters you see on the image.","favorites_listings":"Favorite Listings","error_min_textarea":"Your {field} length should be more than {num} symbols.","error_max_textarea":"Your {field} length should be less than {num} symbols.","characters_count":"Characters count","plans":"Plans","payment_gateway":"Payment gateways","captcha":"Captcha","fields":"Info","reg_confirmed_pending":"Account confirmed. Your account is still pending approval by the administrator.","rememberme":"Remember Me","error_username_incorrect":"Make sure you entered valid username.","unconfirmed":"Unconfirmed","auto_generate_password":"Auto generate password","or":"OR","and":"AND","page_content_about":"<p>\r\n\tAbout Us page content<\/p>\r\n","page_content_policy":"Privacy Policy page content","page_content_terms":"Terms Of Use page content","page_content_help":"Help page content","page_content_advertise":"Advertise Us page content","newly_added_listings":"Newly added listings","most_popular_listings":"Most popular listings","rss_feed":"RSS feed","esyndicat_action_add_favorite":"Add Favorite","esyndicat_action_remove_favorite":"Remove Favorite","esyndicat_action_report_listing":"Report Listing","esyndicat_action_visit_website":"Visit Website","xml_syndication":"XML syndication","enter_confirmation":"Please enter confirmation code below","unknown":"Unknown","confirm_not_valid":"Confirmations data is not valid. Please recheck the confirm link.","check_listing_fields":"Please recheck your information.","error_contents":"Contents field is a required.","new":"New","date_registration":"Date Registration","view_account_details":"View account details","no_accounts":"There is no any accounts.","no_account_listings":"Account does not have any listings yet.","page_title_accounts":"Accounts","page_title_account_login":"Account Login","page_title_payment_complete":"Payment Complete","page_title_account_register":"Account Register","page_title_edit_listing":"Edit Listing","page_title_account_logout":"Account Logout","page_title_thank":"Thank","page_title_account_password_forgot":"Account Password Forgot","page_title_error":"Error","page_title_payment_canceled":"Payment Canceled","page_title_purchase_complete":"Purchase Complete","page_title_view_listing":"View Listing","page_title_report_broken_listing":"Report Broken Listing","no_more_files":"You can not upload more files. Limit exceeded.","page_title_index_browse":"Browse Categories","youre_in_preview_mode":"You are in template preview mode.","field_zip":"ZIP","field_address":"Address","field_state":"State","field_city":"City","field_country":"Country","get_directions":"Get Directions!","field_latitude":"Latitude","field_longitude":"Longitude","field_zoom":"Zoom","manage_reviews_rating":"Manage Reviews Rating","manage_reviews":"Manage Reviews","reviews":"Reviews","edit_review":"Edit review","review_author":"Author","review_url":"Site","review_title":"Title","review_text":"Text","reviews_read":"Reviews list","reviews_rate":"Reviews rate","review_add":"Add review","review_rate_name":"Rating","reviews_total":"Reviews total","reviews_count":"Reviews count","rate_it":"Post review for this listing.","no_reviews":"No reviews to view.","reviews_approval":"Your review is waiting for approval.","error_review_logged":"Your must be authorized to post reviews.","reviews_deleted":"All reviews deleted.","review_deleted":"Review deleted.","reviews_added":"Your review has been added. It will be available soon.","reviews_error_already":"Your rate already record","error_max_title":"Your title length should be less than {maxLength} symbols.","error_min_reviews":"Your text length should be more than {minLength} symbols.","error_max_reviews":"Your text length should be less than {maxLength} symbols.","error_no_rate":"No rating number.","error_no_auth":"You must be authorized.","error_no_listing":"No listing id avaible.","are_you_sure_to_delete_selected_reviews":"Are you sure to delete selected reviews?","are_you_sure_to_delete_selected_review":"Are you sure to delete selected review?","are_you_sure_to_delete_this_review":"Are you sure to delete this review?","reviews_rate_this":"Rate this","enter_address":"Enter your address","address":"Address","field_i_agree":"I agree with","field_terms_of_suggesting":"Terms of Submission","error_terms_verification":"You may not suggest the link as you do not agree with the terms","page_title_term_of_submission":"Terms of Submissions","page_content_term_of_submission":"Please edit your terms of submissions using your Admin Panel -> Manage Pages","page_title_jargon":"AMATEUR RADIO GLOSSARY","page_content_jargon":"<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">A (Alpha) <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A - Ampere<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Unit of current measurement. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A Battery<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B-battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage for the tubes.&nbsp;<\/font>  <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">absorption<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The reduction in a radio signal strength in the ionosphere.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Alternating Current<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">access code<\/font> -&nbsp;<\/font><font size=\"2\"> (Repeater Term) A code to activate a repeater function e.g. auto patch, link etc.. One or more numbers and\/or symbols are keyed in with a telephone key pad and transmitted to the repeater. <\/font><\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A\/D<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Analog-to-Digital<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Aerial<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Used in the early days of radio - sometimes referring to an outdoor antenna. Still used in the UK.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AF<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Audio Frequency 20 to 20,000 hertz, the human hearing range. Also abbreviation for Africa<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AFC<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Automatic frequency control. Used in FM receivers to prevent drift.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AFSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Audio frequency shift keying (as opposed to frequency shift keying, FSK)<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A-index<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - An index of the conditions of the Earth&rsquo;s magnetic field as measured at Boulder, Colorado. Propagation generally improves with lower measurement numbers. URL:<\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AGC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Gain Control. A feedback voltage in the receiver circuit to prevent fading<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ALC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic level control. A feedback voltage in the transmitter&#39;s output amplifier used to prevent amplifier overload. Also used as feedback from a linear amplifier back to the exciter to prevent overdriving.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">alligator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A repeater that transmits further than it can receive, big mouth, small ears! Also used in reference to a repeater timer timeout. If you talk on the repeater too long, an internal timer will cut you off, and jargon for this is &quot;The alligator got you!&quot;<\/font><\/font> Also in contesting circles to refer to a station (usually running high power and under noisy receive conditions) whose transmit signal is greater than their receive capability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">-<\/font> a person licensed to operate in the amateur bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur radio<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - A non-commercial radio service as set by a recognized cognizant government agency. In the USA, amateur radio is defined under part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations - See URL: <a href=\"frequencies.htm\">Part 97<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur service<\/font>: <font size=\"2\">a radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ampere (A)<\/font> : <font size=\"2\">the basic unit of electrical current. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AM<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amplitude Modulation See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A.M<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">.-<\/font> ante meridian (before noon).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMSAT<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation - See URL: <a href=\"satellites.htm\">AMSAT<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMTOR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Teleprinter Over Radio. A version of RTTY. - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#D\">AMTOR<\/a> Also used commercially as SITOR (Simplex Teleprinter Over Radio).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ANARC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Association of North American Radio Clubs. See<a href=\"http:\/\/www.anarc.org\/\"> ANARC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"1\"> <\/font><font size=\"2\">a device that intercepts or radiates radio frequency energy.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">antenna farm<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Ham&#39;s dream -- lotsa room for big, long, antennas<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna tuner<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">Impedance-matching device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter, receiver, or transceiver output impedance.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">appliance operator<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: Hams who neither build nor experiment with radio equipment, but merely operate commercial equipment, perhaps without understanding how it all works.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">APRS<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Automatic Packet Position Reporting System - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#APRS\">APRS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARA<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Association<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Amateur Radio Club. Military Designation for Avionics (Aviation Radio Composite)<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARES<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Emergency Service - See URL: <a href=\"emergency.htm\">ARES<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARRL<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Radio Relay League , the national amateur radio organization in the USA - See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/\">ARRL<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic repeat request used in AMTOR.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASCII<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII 7-bit code represents 128 characters including 32 control characters. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic send-receive. An RTTY terminal mode that allows message composition while receiving text from the another station.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Attenuator, often expressed in dB of reduction.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATV <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Amateur Television, also known as fast scan television - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#A\">ATV<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">auroral propagation<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Propagation above 30 MHz by means of refraction by highly ionized regions around the Earth&rsquo;s poles. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">autopatch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a device that interfaces a repeater to the telephone system to permit repeater users to make telephone calls. Often just called a &quot;patch.&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AVC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Volume Control - A feedback scheme to level out the receiver audio volume<\/font>. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">AWG<\/font> - American Wire Gauge - standard for describing the diameter of wire by which the wire size increases as the gauge number decreases.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><a name=\"B\"><font size=\"4\">B (Bravo)<\/font><\/a><font size=\"4\"> &nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">B - Battery<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced line<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A feed line with two conductors having equal but opposite voltages, with neither conductor at ground potential.<\/font>&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced modulator<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a mixer circuit used in a single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmitter to combine a voice signal and the RF carrier. The balanced modulator isolates the input signals from each other and the output, so that only the sum and the difference of the two input signals reach the output. The original carrier signal and the audio signal are suppressed.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">balun<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- balance to unbalance , a device used to couple a balanced antenna to an unbalanced feed line (e.g., dipole to coax)<\/font> &nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- a range of frequencies allotted for a particular use (e.g., 20 Meter Band) <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/frequencies.htm#HF\">See Ham bands<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bandpass<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - range of frequencies permitted to pass through a filter or receiver circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band-pass filte<\/font>r:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a circuit that passes a range of frequencies and attenuates signals above and below this range<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">base<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- a radio station located at a fixed location as opposed to a mobile. Used to identify the control location in a network of radio stations.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">barefoot<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- transmitting with a transceiver alone and no linear amplifier<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">base loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the bottom of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BAUD<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The unit of digital-signal speed.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">B<\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">audot:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a five-bit digital code used in teleprinter application.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - British Broadcasting Corporation. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/\">See BBC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bulletin Board System<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BCI<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Broadcast radio interference.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beam<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - an antenna that gives a directional beam pattern. See Yagi <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beacon<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">:<\/font> A station that transmits one-way signals for the purpose of navigation, homing, and propagation condition determination. See URL: <a href=\"beacons.htm\">Beacons<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">Benton Harbor Lunch Box<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A portable transceiver made by Heathkit Co. Band choices were 2, 6, or 10 meters&nbsp; - AM operation.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BFO<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Beat frequency oscillator. Used to mix with the incoming signal to produce an audio tone for CW reception. A BFO is needed to copy CW and SSB signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bird <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- nickname for satellite. Also a brand name of a high-end, high quality directional wattmeter.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">b<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">irdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Spurious signals produced in a receiver - usually a product of mixed intermediate frequencies within the radio.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bleed over<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- &nbsp;Interference caused by a station operating on an adjacent channel<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">bleeder resistor<\/font>:<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a large-value resistor connected across the filter capacitor in a power supply to discharge the filter capacitors when the supply is turned off.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">block diagram<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a drawing using rectangles to represent major sections of electronic circuits. The diagram shows signal flow and the function of the sections.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BNC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Coax connector commonly used with VHF\/UHF equipment -- Bayonet Niell-Concelman (standard connector type used on COAX cable, named for its inventors).\\<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BPL<\/font> - BroadBand Over Power Lines<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bps<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bits per second<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BPSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Binary Phase Shift Keying; digital DSB suppressed carrier modulation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">birdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: A false or spurious signal in a receiver inadvertently produced by the receiver&rsquo;s circuitry.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">boat anchor<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antique ham equipment -- So named because of weight and size. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bootlegger<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Someone, usually not a Ham but a wannabe, making up a callsign, one usually not in the callbook, and getting on the air. Sometimes it is someone who already bought a radio, took the test and flunked, and then gets on the air anyway.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bounce<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - reflections of a radio wave off of an object, (e.g., the ionosphere or the moon)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">breadboard<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Early experimenters used a wood board or bread board to lay out circuits. Now used to describe an experimental layout on whatever media -- like PC boards.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term)&nbsp; used to interrupt a conversation on a repeater to indicate that there is an emergency or urgent message. If non-urgent, simply interject your callsign.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break break<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) used to intercede in an existing conversation with emergency communications.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">broadcasting<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> transmissions intended for the general public. Broadcasting is prohibited on the Amateur Radio Bands, other than QST&#39;s which of are of interest to all Amateur Stations, example W1AW code practice transmissions.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bug<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - a semi-automatic mechanical code key<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bunny hunt<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (see &quot;fox hunt&quot;) See<a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/opmodes.htm#TH\"> Fox Hunting<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bureau<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - International Amateur organizations set up to process QSL cards between countries. Provides an inexpensive way to send and receive QSL cards - See URL: <a href=\"callbooks.htm#ARRL\">Bureaus<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">burro<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- International QSL forwarding bureau. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Busted Call --&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">An incorrectly logged callsign<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">C (Charlie)<\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">C- Battery<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font> <\/font><a name=\"C\"> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">c<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">alifornia kilowatt<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a power setting above the legal limit<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">call book<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a publication or CD ROM that lists licensed amateur radio operators See URL: <\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"callbooks.htm\">CALLBOOK<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">calling frequency<\/font><font size=\"2\">: A defacto standard frequency where stations attempt to contact each other. Example -- 146.52 is the USA National FM simplex calling frequency See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/callfreq.htm\">Calling Frequencies<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">candy store<\/font><font size=\"2\"> -- ham term for the local Ham Radio Dealer. -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/stores.htm\">Ham Stores<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cans<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- headphones<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cap<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - capacitor (formerly condenser)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CAP<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - <a href=\"http:\/\/www.capnhq.gov\/\">Civil Air Patrol<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">capacitor<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> an electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a pure continuous radio emission at a fixed frequency, without modulation and without interruption. Several types of modulation can be applied to the carrier, See AM and FM. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier-operated relay<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> (COR) - (Repeater Term) circuitry that causes the repeater to transmit in response to a received signal.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CATV<\/font> - <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Cable Television (originally Community Television)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">CATVI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Cable Television Interface.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CBA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Callbook Address<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CC&amp;R&#39;s<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Covenents, Conditions, and Restrictions - an extensive set of rules drawn up by homeowner&#39;s associations and their lawyers which, among other things, typically restrict or completely prohibit a homeowner from having most forms of antennas on their property.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CCW<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Coherent CW<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The unmodulated carrier frequency of an FM transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the center of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">centi<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-2, or divide by 100.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">channel<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the pair of frequencies&nbsp; (input and output) used by a repeater.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chassis ground<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">the common connection for all parts of a circuit that connect to the negative side of the power supply.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chirp<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Changes in the carrier frequency of a CW transmitter, resulting in a chirping sound<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">clear<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- used to indicate a station is done transmitting<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">closed repeater<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a repeater whose access is limited to a select group (see open repeater).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cloud warmer<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - an antenna which radiates most of the transmitted energy nearly straight up.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CMOS<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coax, coaxial cable<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. 50-ohm and 72 ohm characteristic impedances are typical. See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/techref.htm#CX\">Coax Types<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">code<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- usually refers to Morse code, but used for others such as baudot.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">coil<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">a conductor wound into a series of loops. See also inductor<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">color code<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a system in which numerical values are assigned to various colors. Colored stripes are painted on the body of resistors and other components to show their value. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.testeq.com\/charts\/\">Color Code<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">condenser<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Old term for capacitor - basic unit is farads, which is generally too large so usually expressed in microfarads or picofarads. An electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">controller<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) the control system within a repeater --&nbsp; usually includes turning the repeater on-off, timing transmissions, sending the identification signal, controlling the auto patch and CTCSS encoder\/decoder. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">control operator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the Amateur Radio operator designated to &quot;control&quot; the operation of the repeater, as required by FCC regulations.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copy<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- indication of how well communications are received. &quot;I have a good copy on you&quot;<br \/>\r\n\talso used as a question, as in &quot;did you copy&quot; - understand all&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copying<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-- used to indicate one is monitoring as in &quot;I was copying the mail&quot; which means&nbsp;<br \/>\r\n\tI was listening in on the conversation<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">core<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">the material used in the center of an inductor coil, where magnetic fields is concentrated.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">courtesy beep<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) an audible indication that a repeater user may go ahead and transmit, usually resets the timer<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coverage<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) the geographic area that the repeater provides communications.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CPS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cycles Per Second, this terminology was replaced by &quot;Hertz&quot; (see &quot;Hertz&quot;)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - calling any amateur radio station, may be sent in CW, phone or some digital modes<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CR<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Carriage return<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">critical angle<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The angle at which a radio signal is refracted in the ionosphere. Lower angles generally result in greater distance transmissions.<\/font> <br \/>\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">critical frequency<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the highest frequency at which a vertically incident radio wave will return from the ionosphere. Above the critical frequency radio signals pass through the ionosphere instead of returning to Earth.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">cross-band<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the process of transmitting on one band and receiving on another.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CRT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cathode-ray tube<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a piezoelectric device that tends to resonate at a frequency dependent on its material, dimensions, and temperature<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">crystal filter<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A network of piezoelectric crystals used to obtain high rejection of unwanted signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal oscillator<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a device that uses a quartz crystal to keep the frequency of a transmitter constant.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CSCE<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (U.S.), a certificate certifying a person has successfully passed one or more of the amateur radio license examinations<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CTCSS<\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for continuous tone-controlled squelch system, a series of subaudible tones that some repeaters use to restrict access. See<a href=\"http:\/\/florida-repeaters.org\/ctcss.htm\"> CTCSS Codes<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">current:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a flow of electrons in an electrical circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cutoff frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- The frequency at which a filter will begin to reject signals.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CW<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Continuous Wave, see carrier. In truth a continuous wave is an unmodulated, uninterrupted RF wave. However in common usage refers to Morse code emissions or messages which is an interrupted wave. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cycles (cps)<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">term used for measuring frequency prior to the term Hertz replaced it - hence kc, Mc, etc.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"D\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">D (Delta)<\/font><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dB<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Decibel (1\/10 of a Bel); unit for the ratio of two power measurements. - See URL: <a href=\"techref.htm\">decibel<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">dBc - <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">In terms of RF signals, dBc is <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Decibels <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">relative to the carrier level.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dBd<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below a dipole antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">d<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bi <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below an isotropic antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DC<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Direct current <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">de<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- Morse code for &quot;from&quot; e.g., AC6V de WA0PPP<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deci<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-1, or divide by 10.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">delta-loop antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a variation of the cubical quad with triangular elements.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">desense (desensitization)<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: the reduction of receiver sensitivity due to overload from a nearby transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">detector<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the stage in a receiver in which the modulation (voice or other information) is recovered from the RF signal. Called a discriminator in FM<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deviation<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The change in the carrier frequency of a FM transmitter produced by the modulating signal. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">deviation ratio<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the ratio between the maximum change in RF-carrier frequency and the highest modulating frequency used in an FM transmitter. Also see modulation Index.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">digipeater<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A store-and-forward digital repeater which will receive and transmit a data packet on the same frequency. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">dip meter<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- or grid dip meter -- a device used to determine the resonant frequency of an electronic circuit <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">diplexer<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; A frequency splitting and isolation device. Typically used to couple two transceivers to a single or dual band antenna , thus allowing one to receive on one transceiver and transmit on the other transceiver. Typical application 2M and 440MHz transceivers into a dual band antenna for satellite work. Thus typically an isolation device for use on 2 or more different bands.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dipole<\/font> <font color=\"#000000\"><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; the basic antenna consisting of a length of wire or tubing, open and fed at the center. The entire antenna is &frac12; wavelength long at the desired operating frequency. This antenna often used as a standard for calculating gain, dBd.<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">director <\/font><font size=\"2\">- an element in front of the driven element in a Yagi or Quad and some other directional antennas.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">doubling<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- (Repeater Term) On a repeater if two stations transmit simultaneously, the signals mix in the repeater&#39;s receiver and results in a raspy signal. FM has a characteristic whereby the stronger signals &quot;captures&quot; and over-rides the weaker one.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">downlink<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Channel used for satellite-to-earth communications. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">to two different points.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">double-pole, single-throw (DPST) switch<\/font> <\/font><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">on or off.&nbsp; <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">DPSK <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Differential Phase Shift Keying; a form of BPSK where only data transitions are transmitted. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">D-region<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- D-layer: The lowest region of the ionosphere found approximately 25 to 55 miles above Earth; it fades away quickly after sunset and sometimes does not form at all on short winter days. The main impact of the D-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it. -- See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">driven element<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antenna element that connects directly to the feed line.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dropping out<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-&nbsp; (Repeater Term) a repeater requires a minimum signal in order to transmit, when a signal does not have enough strength to keep the repeater transmitting, it &quot;drops out&quot;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DSP<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital Signal Processing - allows for filtering, noise reduction, audio equalization, etc <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DTMF<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for dual-tone multi-frequency, the series of tones generated from a keypad on a ham radio transceiver (or a regular telephone).&nbsp; Uses 2-of-7 or 2-of-8 tones; often referred to by Bell&#39;s trademark Touchtone. See <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070208122351\/users.tkk.fi\/~then\/mytexts\/dtmf_generation.html\">DTMF Tones<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dual-band antenna<\/font><font size=\"2\">&nbsp; - antenna designed for use on two different Amateur Radio bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dummy load <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a device which substitutes for an antenna during tests on a transmitter. It converts radio energy to heat instead of radiating energy. Offers a match to the transmitter output impedance. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Dupe <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A duplicate contact -- As in Contesting<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">duplex<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a communication mode in which a radio transmits on one frequency and receives on another (also see full duplex, half duplex, and simplex)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">duplexer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a device used in repeater systems which allows a single antenna to transmit and receive simultaneously<\/font><\/font>. Thus typically for isolation on a system on the same band.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DVM<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital voltmeter <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DX<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (noun) distant station; (verb) to contact a distant station <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- An Amateur radio operator who actively pursues contacting distant and rare Amateur Radio stations. Also applied to Short Wave Listeners. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DXCC<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Award offered by ARRL for contacting and confirming 100 or more different countries first introduced in 1937.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DXCC is copyright ARRL and its use here is printed with permission of the ARRL. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/awards\/#dxcc\">DXCC<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXpedition<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Radio expedition to remote and rare locations -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ng3k.com\/Misc\/adxo.html\">Current DX Operations<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">dynamic range<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: How well a receiver can handle strong signals with overloading; any measure of over 100 decibels is considered excellent. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><a name=\"E\">E (Echo)<\/a><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">earth ground<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a circuit connection to a ground rod driven into the earth<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Echolink<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa\">Uses a <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa; mso-bidi-font-family: arial\">network protocol called VoIP (Voice over IP). <\/span>This program allows worldwide connections to be made between stations, from computer to station, or from computer to computer.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are more than 96,000 registered users in 128 countries worldwide!<span style=\"color: windowtext\"><o:p> <\/o:p>URL: <\/span><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/repeaters.htm#EL\">EchoLink<\/a><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ECSSB<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Exalted-carrier single sideband. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Edison Effect<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Thomas A. Edison discovered the electron flow from a glowing cathode to an anode in an evacuated glass bulb and was called the &#39;Edison-effect&#39; This led to the development of the vacuum tube. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EEPROM<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 55 to 90 miles above Earth; it fades away a few hours after sunset. The main impact of the E-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it, although sporadic-E propagation makes possible distant communications on frequencies above 30 MHz. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EHF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely High Frequency (30 - 300 GHz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EIRP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective isotropic radiated power. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">elephant<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a repeater that receives further than it can transmit, big ears, small mouth! <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ELF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely Low Frequency (30 - 300 Hz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">elmer<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a mentor; an experienced operator who tutors newer operators See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.novia.net\/~pschleck\/elmers\/\">ELMERS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">eleven meters <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- currently the CB band, once a Ham band <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EME<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Earth-Moon-Earth; using the moon as a passive reflector to establish a signal path; moonbounce. - See URL: <a href=\"astronomy.htm\">EME<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">EMF<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>Electromotive force; voltage. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EMI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Electromagnetic interference. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">emission mode<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - the form of a radio emission, such as AM, FM, or single sideband - See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">EMP<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electromagnetic pulse; a extremely high-energy magnetic field. Such as the current flow caused by a lightning strike or nuclear explosion. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ERP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective Radiated Power <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-skip<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Sporadic E-layer ionospheric propagation see URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ether<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Old theory for the medium once believed to conduct radio waves. The existence of the&nbsp; ionosphere is first discovered by the English physicist, Appelton in 1924. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">Eu<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Europe <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">eyeball<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A face-to-face meeting between two ham radio operators. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp; <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"F\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">F <\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">(Foxtrot)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Federal Aviation Administration (USA). <\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\">See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/\">FAA<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">F-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 90 to 400 miles above Earth and which is responsible for most long distance propagation on frequencies below 30 MHz. During the daytime (especially in summer), solar heating can cause the F-layer to split into two separate layers, the F1-layer and the F2-layer. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAQ<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Frequently Asked Questions <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">far field of an antenna<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- that region of the electromagnetic field surrounding an antenna where the field strength as a function of angle (the antenna pattern) is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. In this region (also called the free-space region), the field has a predominantly plane-wave character. That is, locally uniform distributions of electric field strength and magnetic field strength are in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">Farnsworth<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a method of sending Morse c","page_content_Amat_Mailist":"<p>\r\n\tOne GHz Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onelist.com\/subscribe.cgi\/waveguide\">Click here for &quot; communications on frequencies above 1Ghz&quot;.<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">10-10 International News List <a href=\"mailto:listserv@lehigh.edu\">listserv@lehigh.edu<\/a> In the body of the message: subscribe tenten-l name call<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.egroups.com\/group\/TenMeters\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">10 Meter Mail List <\/font><\/a><font face=\"Times New Roman\">-- Via EGroups<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">2 meter reflector <a href=\"mailto:2meterham-subscribe@onelist.com\">-- 2meterham-subscribe@onelist.com<\/a> 2-Meter operator wishing to chat with other 2-Meter operators and either seek helpful information or pass along information. To subscribe send blank message, along with blank SUBJECT line.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">6 meter reflector <a href=\"mailto:6meterham-subscribe@onelist.com\">-- 6meterham-subscribe@onelist.com<\/a> 6-Meter operator wishing to chat with other 6-Meter operators and either seek helpful information or pass along information. To subscribe send blank message, along with blank SUBJECT line.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">160 meter <a href=\"mailto:topband-request@contesting.com\">topband-request@contesting.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">3830 Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">425 DX News From Italy <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@pc.fr.flashnet.it\">majordomo@pc.fr.flashnet.it <\/a>subscribe in Subject line<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">4X6TT DX Reflector <a href=\"mailto:MAJORDOMO@netvision.net.il\">MAJORDOMO@netvision.net.il <\/a>in body of message: SUBSCRIBE 4X6TT-DX<font size=\"+0\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Amateur Radio Eastern Mass. Section <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe ema-arrl<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Amateur Radio Exam Schedules <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe arrl-exam-list<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Amateur Radio ARRL Field Organization <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe fieldorg-l<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Amateur Radio New England Division info <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe arrl-nediv-list<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Amateur Radio Newsline <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe newsline-list<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\"><font size=\"3\">Amateur Radio VE Discussions <\/font><a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\"><font size=\"3\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/font><\/a><font size=\"3\">with text (no subject): subscribe arrl-ve-list<\/font><\/font><font size=\"3\"> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\"><font size=\"3\">Amplifier Reflector <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\"><font size=\"3\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/font><\/a><font size=\"3\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.onelist.com\/\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Antennas<\/font><\/a><font size=\"3\"> <font face=\"Times New Roman\">-- 20 to choose from -- type in Antenna &amp; Antennas in search box<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\"><font size=\"3\">Antennas - (Tower Talk Reflector) <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\"><font size=\"3\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/font><\/a><font size=\"3\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Antennas - From eGroups -- 9 to choose from) <a href=\"http:\/\/www.egroups.com\/\">In Search Box, type in Antenna<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Antennas From Yahoo.com --<a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/\"> In Search Box, Type in Antenna<\/a><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Army Radio Mail List <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onelist.com\/community\/armyradios\">Click here for complete information<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Astronomy <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@list.pitt.edu\">majordomo@list.pitt.edu <\/a>Inside the body type: subscribe AAAP<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/\" name=\"ARRL\">ARRL News\/Bulletins<\/a> - Click in News\/Bulletins in the yellow menu bar<\/font><font size=\"+0\"> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Boat Anchors -- Old Time Ham Radio <a href=\"mailto:listproc@ThePorch.com\">listproc@ThePorch.com <\/a>with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Boat Anchors Swap List -- Buy and Sell The Oldies <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@foothill.net\">majordomo@foothill.net <\/a>with text (no subject)subscribe baswaplist<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Boston Amateur Radio Club <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe barc-list<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\">Boat Anchor (Old tube type gear Email list) SEND TO: <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@foothill.net\">majordomo@foothill.net<\/a>&nbsp;<br \/>\r\n\tSUBJECT: (does not matter) MESSAGE: subscribe baswaplist (That is ALL you say in the body of the message. the email address from which the message is sent will be the address subscribed to the list.)<\/font><font size=\"+0\"> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"+0\"><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a name=\"TEST\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/lists.contesting.com\/mailman\/listinfo\/sccc\">SCCC <\/a>-- Southern California Contest Club Reflector<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"+0\"><font size=\"3\"><a name=\"contest\"><\/a><\/font><font face=\"Times New Roman\">CQ-Contest Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.egroups.com\/group\/contesting\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Contesting Mail List from eGroups, Inc.<\/font><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Contest Scores Mail Reflector <a href=\"mailto:3830-request@contesting.com\">3830-request@contesting.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/articles\/190\">Contest VHF Reflector<\/a> - From Contesting.com<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">CT-Users <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Digital Radio <a href=\"mailto:digitalradio-subscribe@egroups.com\">digitalradio-subscribe@egroups.com<\/a> -- Send a message there with subscribe in the text. Topics include all Digital Modes<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">DownEast Microwave <a href=\"mailto:demi-request@kkn.net\">demi-request@kkn.net<\/a> -- Send a message there with subscribe in the text. To post, send a message to demi@kkn.net.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Drake Mail List <a href=\"mailto:drakelist-request@baltimoremd.com\">drakelist-request@baltimoremd.com<\/a> -- subscribe in subject line<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><img border=\"0\" height=\"5\" src=\"images\/bar.gif\" width=\"600\" \/> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">&nbsp; <a name=\"DX\"><\/a><\/font><font color=\"#ff0000\" face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"5\">DX REFLECTORS<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">DX@QTH.NET <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qth.net\/\">Click here for complete information on subscribing<\/a> <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">NJDXA DX Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.njdxa.org\/ham-news\">Click here for complete information on subscribing<\/a> <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\">YAHOO DX-LIST To subscribe, send an empty message to dx-list-subscribe@yahoogroups.com <\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">(DX)- Digital DX <a href=\"mailto:digital-dx-request@st.rim.or.jp\">digital-dx-request@st.rim.or.jp<\/a> with text (no subject): subscribe cw your@email.addresss <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">DX LIST ARCHIVES <a href=\"http:\/\/www.findmail.com\/list\/dx-list\/\">Click here archives - any one can read<\/a> <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">DXR ARCHIVES <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mail-archive.com\/dx-news@pro-usa.net\/\">Click here- anyone can read<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">DXpeditions <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@fibo.hogent.be\">majordomo@fibo.hogent.be<\/a> message body &#39;subscribe DXpeditioning e-mail@address <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">(DX) Ohio\/Pennsylvania DX Bulletin <a href=\"mailto:opdx-request@nshore.org\">opdx-request@nshore.org<\/a> subscribe in Subject Line <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">(DX) 425 DX News From Italy <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@pc.fr.flashnet.it\">majordomo@pc.fr.flashnet.it <\/a>subscribe in Subject line <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">(DX) 4X6TT DX Reflector <a href=\"mailto:MAJORDOMO@netvision.net.il\">MAJORDOMO@netvision.net.il <\/a>in body of message: SUBSCRIBE 4X6TT-DX <\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<hr \/>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a name=\"DXC\"> <\/a><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a name=\"DXC\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"5\"><img border=\"0\" height=\"50\" src=\"images\/teeth.gif\" width=\"50\" \/> <font color=\"#ff0000\">DX CHAT CHANNELS<\/font> <img border=\"0\" height=\"50\" src=\"images\/teeth.gif\" width=\"50\" \/><\/font><\/a><\/font><\/center>\r\n<p>\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.qsl.net\/cqdx\/\">IRC # CQDX Chat Channel<\/a>. -- Via N6RT <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20080529152453rn_1\/dx.qsl.net\/cqdx\">DX Chat Room <\/a>- Via The NJDXA <font size=\"+0\"><br \/>\r\n\t<br \/>\r\n\t<a href=\"http:\/\/www.qth.com\/stamper\/search\/bafoofnik.htm\">Ham Radio Chat Rooms<\/a> --<\/font> 160M, VHF &amp; Ham<\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">EME <a href=\"mailto:listserve@vm.stlawu.edu\">listserve@vm.stlawu.edu <\/a>Inside the body type: subscribe moon-net<font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Fox-List -- Fox Hunting and RDF <a href=\"mailto:listserv@netcom.com\">listserv@netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe fox-list<font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Glow Bugs Mail List -- Vacuum Tubes No less <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@piobaire.mines.uidaho.edu\">majordomo@piobaire.mines.uidaho.edu <\/a>with text (no subject): and put ONLY the words: subscribe glowbugs in the BODY of the message.<font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\tHallicrafters Mail List -- hallicrafters@mailman.qth.net<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">HAM-ELMER Mail List -- Newly licensed or interested in becoming a ham radio operator here is a new list designed to help you get started.&nbsp; Send a blank email to HAM-ELMER-subscribe@yahoogroups.com <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Ham-Sat -- Amateur Radio Satellites <a href=\"mailto:listserv@PLEARN.BITNET\">listserv@PLEARN.BITNET <\/a>with text (not subject): sub HAM-SAT Your Name <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Ham-Tech Technical Forum <a href=\"mailto:listserv@majordomo.netcom.com\">listserv@majordomo.netcom.com <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe ham-tech <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">History, Ham Radio <a href=\"mailto:ham-radio-history-subscribe@egroups.com\">ham-radio-history-subscribe@egroups.com <\/a>No subject and the text: subscribe<font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font size=\"3\"><b><font color=\"#000000\">Amateur Radio talk group for the <a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/IC746\">ICOM IC-746 transciever.&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.skysdaughter.com\/icom746-faq\/\">&nbsp; ICOM IC-746 FAQ&#39;s&nbsp;<\/a> <\/font><\/b><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">ISLANDS (IOTA) <a href=\"mailto:islands-request@pc01.arua.ua.pt\">islands-request@pc01.arua.ua.pt <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe<\/font><\/b> <b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> <\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Kachina Mailing List <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@qth.net\">majordomo@qth.net <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe kachina<\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Kenwood TS-2000 Mail List -- mail to: <a href=\"mailto:KenwoodTS-2000-subscribe@egroups.com\">KenwoodTS-2000-subscribe@egroups.com<\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Kenwood R-5000 Users Mailing List - <a href=\"mailto:R5000-subscribe@topica.com\">mailto:R5000-subscribe@topica.com <\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mailman.qth.net\/mailman\/listinfo\/kenwood\">Kenwood MAILING LISTS [@] QTH.NET<\/a><br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/b><a href=\"mailto:R5000-subscribe@topica.com\"> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lockergnome.com\/\">LockerGnome<\/a> -- lots of hi tech &amp; computer newsletter<\/b><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Low Band Mail List <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@dxer.org\">majordomo@dxer.org <\/a>in the body of the text type &quot;subscribe lowband&quot;<\/font><\/b> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Logwindows Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/mailman.qth.net\/mailman\/listinfo\/logwindow\">Click here to go to Logwindows pages for complete information<\/a> <\/font><font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/b><\/font><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font color=\"#000000\"><img border=\"0\" height=\"28\" src=\"images\/apple2.gif\" width=\"29\" \/>Macnet is the WWW group of Ham Radio Operators that use Mac computers to extend their communications capabilities.&nbsp; To join Macnet, send YOUR STATS to wd1v@amsat.org<br \/>\r\n\to Amateur Radio CALL SIGN<br \/>\r\n\to FULL NAME<br \/>\r\n\to Street ADDRESS<br \/>\r\n\to CITY, STATE, ZIP<br \/>\r\n\to EMAIL ADDRESS<\/font> <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b>MacIntosh-Ham Reflector See QSL.NET MAIL LISTS<br \/>\r\n\t<a href=\"#QSLN\">QSL.NET <\/a><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b>MFSK16 calling frequency&nbsp;&nbsp; email to: MFSKCALLFREQ-subscribe@egroups.com <a href=\"#QSLN\"><br \/>\r\n\t<\/a><\/b><\/font><b><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> <\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">NA Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Novice Rigs&nbsp; -- those &#39;little&#39; rigs that Novices of old put on the air. To join just send an email to: <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@qth.net\">majordomo@qth.net<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; No need for a subject In the message body enter: subscribe Novice-Rigs &lt;your email address&gt;<\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Propagation Alerts<a href=\"http:\/\/hfradio.org\/propagation.html\"> Click here for complete information on subscribing<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Propagation Mail Reflector <a href=\"mailto:prop-request@digimark.net\">prop-request@digimark.net<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe prop<\/font> <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">PSK Mail List -- psk31-subscribe@egroups.com <\/font><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Ohio\/Pennsylvania DX Bulletin <a href=\"mailto:opdx-request@nshore.org\">opdx-request@nshore.org<\/a> subscribe in Subject Line<\/font><font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">QRP-L: QRP Operation and Equipment <a href=\"mailto:listserv@lehigh.edu\">listserv@lehigh.edu <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe qrp-l your name your call<\/font><font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qth.net\/\" name=\"QSL\">(QSL INFO) DX QSL Reflector -- Via QTH.NET<\/a> - On left side select DX-Qsl <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qsl.net\/wd4ngb\/qslref.htm\">QSL REFLECTOR&nbsp;<\/a> Via WU3V &amp; WD4NGB  <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b>A GOLIST user has started a GOLIST group at Yahoo.&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/golist\/\">Click Here&nbsp;<\/a><br \/>\r\n\tTitle : GOLIST, GOWIN, DX Alert, &amp; DX Telnet Description : This Group is dedicated to the discussion of techniques to maximize the success of obtaining DX QSLs. Particular attention is given to accurate identification of QSL Managers and the associated data base tools GOLIST and GOWIN. DX Alert is a useful tool for weekly planning your operations to work those needed DX stations. Discussion related to DX TELNET &amp; DX HUNTER are also encouraged.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/b><\/font> <\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><b>(QSL INFO) DX QSL Reflector -- Send e-mail to qsl-info@datasync.com with DX callsigns in the message body. Include only callsigns for best performance. Additions and corrections should go to the database maintainer:<a> Lothar, DL1SBF packet radio address: DL1SBF @ DB0SDX.#BW.DEU.EU<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a>email: <\/a><a href=\"mailto:k9pes_ms@siiks.a1.bosch.de\">k9pes_ms@siiks.a1.bosch.de<\/a><a>&nbsp; Other comments, etc. to Ray, WQ5L rocker@datasync.com<\/a><\/b><\/font><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"> <font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b>Radio Astronomy Amateur Radio Mail List <a href=\"mailto:ara-list-request@cannonexpress.com\">ara-list-request@cannonexpress.com <\/a>(any subject) subscribe on first message line <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">RagChew Amateur Radio Mail List <a href=\"mailto:ragchew@webguy.mwci.net\">ragchew@webguy.mwci.net <\/a>(any subject) subscribe on first message line<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Repeaters Owners Mail Reflector <a href=\"mailto:Repeater-subscribe@Onelist.com\">Repeater-subscribe@Onelist.com <\/a>-- No TEXT or subject needed<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Repeater Mail Reflector <a href=\"mailto:repeater-request@jerrys.rogerswave.ca\">repeater-request@jerrys.rogerswave.ca <\/a>(no subject) subscribe<\/font><font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">San Diego Hams <a href=\"mailto:wclistserve@fanciful.org\">wclistserve@fanciful.org<\/a> with &#39;subscribe ham-radio&#39; in the body of the message.<br \/>\r\n\t<br \/>\r\n\t<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.qsl.net\/sgci\/\">SGC Radio Communications Equipment<\/a> -- Via SG Club International<\/font> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Solar Flux Indices <a href=\"mailto:prop@digimark.net\">prop@digimark.net<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Stewperry Top Band Distance Contest <a href=\"mailto:stewperry-request@contesting.com\">stewperry-request@contesting.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">SVHFS -- SE VHF Society Mail List <a href=\"mailto:svhfs-request@contesting.com\">svhfs-request@contesting.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Swan Radio Network Mail List: <a href=\"mailto:Swan-Net-Subscribe@Topica.com\">Swan-Net-Subscribe@Topica.com<\/a> Just takes a blank e-mail, no subject or text<\/font><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Ten Tec Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/rx350\/\">Ten-Tec RX-350 Group<\/a><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Tesla, Nikola Mail List <a href=\"mailto:listserv@usa.net\">listserv@usa.net <\/a>subscribe usa-tesla yournamehere<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Top Band Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Tower Talk Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">TR-Log Reflector <a href=\"http:\/\/www.contesting.com\/FAQ\/\">Click here to go to contesting.com for complete information<\/a> <\/font><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">VHF Reflector <a href=\"mailto:vhf-request@w6yx.stanford.edu\">vhf-request@w6yx.stanford.edu<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">VHF\/UHF\/Microwaves <a href=\"mailto:vhf-request@w6yx.stanford.edu\">vhf-request@w6yx.stanford.edu <\/a>with text (no subject): subscribe<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.onelist.com\/community\/VHF_UHF_SHF\">VHF-UHF_SHF Mail List<\/a> -- Click Here For Instructions -- Conducted by N2IM<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Vintage rig collecting and restoring <a href=\"mailto:listserv@fablotz.min.net\">listserv@fablotz.min.net<\/a> In the body of the note type: subscribe otrig<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Vintage solid state gear <a href=\"mailto:listproc@mlist.access.digex.net\">listproc@mlist.access.digex.net<\/a> In the body of the message type: SUBSCRIBE vss<\/font><font size=\"+1\"> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b>Yaesu FRG-7 Mail List <a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/YAESUFRG-7\">Click here for complete info<\/a> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b>Yaesu FT-100 Mail List <a href=\"http:\/\/www.onelist.com\/subscribe\/FT100\">Click here for complete information<\/a> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Yaesu FT-1000 Mail List <a href=\"mailto:1000-request@xyzoom.alegria.com\">1000-request@xyzoom.alegria.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Yaesu FT-1000MP Mail List <a href=\"mailto:majordomo@qth.net\">majordomo@qth.net<\/a> with text (no subject) subscribe 1000mp<\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Yaesu FT-1000MP Mail List Archives <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qth.net\/\">-- Newer Archives and Digests<\/a> <\/font> <\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">Yaesu FT-990 Mail List <a href=\"mailto:990-request@xyzoom.alegria.com\">990-request@xyzoom.alegria.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n<center>\r\n\t<hr \/>\r\n<\/center>\r\n<p align=\"left\">\r\n\t<b><b><font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"3\">YCCC - Yankee Clipper Contest Club <a href=\"mailto:yccc-request@contesting.com\">yccc-request@contesting.com<\/a> with text (no subject)subscribe<\/font><\/b><\/b><\/p>\r\n","page_title_Amat_Mailist":"Amateur Radio Mailing List","page_title_Amat_MailList":"Amateur Radio Mailing List","page_content_Amat_MailList":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt\">A (Alpha) <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">A - Ampere<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Unit of current measurement. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time. 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">A Battery<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> -- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B-battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage for the tubes. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">absorption<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- The reduction in a radio signal strength in the ionosphere.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Alternating Current<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">access code<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> - <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">(Repeater Term) A code to activate a repeater function e.g. auto patch, link etc.. One or more numbers and\/or symbols are keyed in with a telephone key pad and transmitted to the repeater. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">A\/D<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Analog-to-Digital<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">Aerial<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Used in the early days of radio - sometimes referring to an outdoor antenna. Still used in the UK.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AF<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Audio Frequency 20 to 20,000 hertz, the human hearing range. Also abbreviation for Africa<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AFC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Automatic frequency control. Used in FM receivers to prevent drift.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AFSK<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Audio frequency shift keying (as opposed to frequency shift keying, FSK)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">A-index<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - An index of the conditions of the Earth&rsquo;s magnetic field as measured at Boulder, Colorado. Propagation generally improves with lower measurement numbers. URL:<\/font><a href=\"propagation.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Propagation<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AGC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Automatic Gain Control. A feedback voltage in the receiver circuit to prevent fading<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ALC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Automatic level control. A feedback voltage in the transmitter&#39;s output amplifier used to prevent amplifier overload. Also used as feedback from a linear amplifier back to the exciter to prevent overdriving.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">alligator<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - A repeater that transmits further than it can receive, big mouth, small ears! Also used in reference to a repeater timer timeout. If you talk on the repeater too long, an internal timer will cut you off, and jargon for this is &quot;The alligator got you!&quot;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> Also in contesting circles to refer to a station (usually running high power and under noisy receive conditions) whose transmit signal is greater than their receive capability. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">amateur<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 10pt\">-<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> a person licensed to operate in the amateur bands.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">amateur radio<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - A non-commercial radio service as set by a recognized cognizant government agency. In the USA, amateur radio is defined under part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"frequencies.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Part 97<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">amateur service<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ampere (A)<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> : <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">the basic unit of electrical current. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time. 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AM<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Amplitude Modulation See URL: <\/font><a href=\"swl.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Modulation Modes<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">A.M<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 10pt\">.-<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> ante meridian (before noon).<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AMSAT<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"satellites.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">AMSAT<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AMTOR<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Amateur Teleprinter Over Radio. A version of RTTY. - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"opmodes.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">AMTOR<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> Also used commercially as SITOR (Simplex Teleprinter Over Radio).<\/font><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ANARC<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Association of North American Radio Clubs. See<\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.anarc.org\/\"><span style=\"color: blue\"> ANARC<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">antenna<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a device that intercepts or radiates radio frequency energy.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">antenna farm<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Ham&#39;s dream -- lotsa room for big, long, antennas<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">antenna tuner<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">Impedance-matching device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter, receiver, or transceiver output impedance. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">appliance operator<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">: Hams who neither build nor experiment with radio equipment, but merely operate commercial equipment, perhaps without understanding how it all works.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">APRS<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Automatic Packet Position Reporting System - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"opmodes.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">APRS<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ARA<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Amateur Radio Association<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ARC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Amateur Radio Club. Military Designation for Avionics (Aviation Radio Composite)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ARES<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Amateur Radio Emergency Service - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"emergency.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">ARES<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ARRL<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - American Radio Relay League , the national amateur radio organization in the USA - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/\"><span style=\"color: blue\">ARRL<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ARQ<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Automatic repeat request used in AMTOR.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ASCII<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII 7-bit code represents 128 characters including 32 control characters. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ASR<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Automatic send-receive. An RTTY terminal mode that allows message composition while receiving text from the another station.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ATT<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Attenuator, often expressed in dB of reduction.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">ATV <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">- Amateur Television, also known as fast scan television - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"opmodes.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">ATV<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">auroral propagation<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - Propagation above 30 MHz by means of refraction by highly ionized regions around the Earth&rsquo;s poles. See URL: <\/font><a href=\"propagation.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Propagation<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">autopatch<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - (Repeater Term) a device that interfaces a repeater to the telephone system to permit repeater users to make telephone calls. Often just called a &quot;patch.&quot;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AVC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Automatic Volume Control - A feedback scheme to level out the receiver audio volume<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">AWG<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - American Wire Gauge - standard for describing the diameter of wire by which the wire size increases as the gauge number decreases. <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt\">B (Bravo) <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">B - Battery<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> -- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">balanced line<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> A feed line with two conductors having equal but opposite voltages, with neither conductor at ground potential.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">balanced modulator<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a mixer circuit used in a single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmitter to combine a voice signal and the RF carrier. The balanced modulator isolates the input signals from each other and the output, so that only the sum and the difference of the two input signals reach the output. The original carrier signal and the audio signal are suppressed.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">balun<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- balance to unbalance , a device used to couple a balanced antenna to an unbalanced feed line (e.g., dipole to coax)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">band<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">- a range of frequencies allotted for a particular use (e.g., 20 Meter Band) <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/frequencies.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">See Ham bands<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bandpass<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - range of frequencies permitted to pass through a filter or receiver circuit.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">band-pass filte<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">r: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a circuit that passes a range of frequencies and attenuates signals above and below this range<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">base<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">-- a radio station located at a fixed location as opposed to a mobile. Used to identify the control location in a network of radio stations.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">barefoot<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - transmitting with a transceiver alone and no linear amplifier<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">base loading<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - A loading coil at the bottom of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BAUD<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- The unit of digital-signal speed.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">Baudot:<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> a five-bit digital code used in teleprinter application.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BBC<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - British Broadcasting Corporation. <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/\"><span style=\"color: blue\">See BBC<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BBS<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Bulletin Board System<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BCI<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Broadcast radio interference.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">beam<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - an antenna that gives a directional beam pattern. See Yagi <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">beacon<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 10pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> A station that transmits one-way signals for the purpose of navigation, homing, and propagation condition determination. See URL: <\/font><a href=\"beacons.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Beacons<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">Benton Harbor Lunch Box <\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- A portable transceiver made by Heathkit Co. Band choices were 2, 6, or 10 meters - AM operation. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BFO<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Beat frequency oscillator. Used to mix with the incoming signal to produce an audio tone for CW reception. A BFO is needed to copy CW and SSB signals.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">Bird <\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- nickname for satellite. Also a brand name of a high-end, high quality directional wattmeter. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">birdie<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Spurious signals produced in a receiver - usually a product of mixed intermediate frequencies within the radio.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bleed over<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Interference caused by a station operating on an adjacent channel<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bleeder resistor<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a large-value resistor connected across the filter capacitor in a power supply to discharge the filter capacitors when the supply is turned off.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">block diagram<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">a drawing using rectangles to represent major sections of electronic circuits. The diagram shows signal flow and the function of the sections.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BNC<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Coax connector commonly used with VHF\/UHF equipment -- Bayonet Niell-Concelman (standard connector type used on COAX cable, named for its inventors).\\<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 10pt\">BPL<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - BroadBand Over Power Lines<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bps<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Bits per second<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">BPSK<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Binary Phase Shift Keying; digital DSB suppressed carrier modulation.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">birdie<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">: A false or spurious signal in a receiver inadvertently produced by the receiver&rsquo;s circuitry.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">boat anchor<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - antique ham equipment -- So named because of weight and size. See <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/antique.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">BoatAnchors<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bootlegger<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Someone, usually not a Ham but a wannabe, making up a callsign, one usually not in the callbook, and getting on the air. Sometimes it is someone who already bought a radio, took the test and flunked, and then gets on the air anyway.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bounce<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - reflections of a radio wave off of an object, (e.g., the ionosphere or the moon)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">breadboard<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Early experimenters used a wood board or bread board to lay out circuits. Now used to describe an experimental layout on whatever media -- like PC boards.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">break<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - (Repeater Term) used to interrupt a conversation on a repeater to indicate that there is an emergency or urgent message. If non-urgent, simply interject your callsign.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">break break<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">(Repeater Term) used to intercede in an existing conversation with emergency communications.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">broadcasting<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> transmissions intended for the general public. Broadcasting is prohibited on the Amateur Radio Bands, other than QST&#39;s which of are of interest to all Amateur Stations, example W1AW code practice transmissions.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bug<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - a semi-automatic mechanical code key<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bunny hunt<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - (see &quot;fox hunt&quot;) See<\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/opmodes.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\"> Fox Hunting<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">bureau<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - International Amateur organizations set up to process QSL cards between countries. Provides an inexpensive way to send and receive QSL cards - See URL: <\/font><a href=\"callbooks.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Bureaus<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">burro<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- International QSL forwarding bureau. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">Busted Call -- <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: black; font-size: 10pt\">An incorrectly logged callsign<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt\">C (Charlie)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">C- Battery<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">california kilowatt<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- a power setting above the legal limit<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">call book<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">- a publication or CD ROM that lists licensed amateur radio operators See URL: <\/font><a href=\"callbooks.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">CALLBOOK<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">calling frequency<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">: A defacto standard frequency where stations attempt to contact each other. Example -- 146.52 is the USA National FM simplex calling frequency See <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/callfreq.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Calling Frequencies<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">candy store<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> -- ham term for the local Ham Radio Dealer. -- See <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/stores.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Ham Stores<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">cans<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> -- headphones<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">cap<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - capacitor (formerly condenser)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CAP<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.capnhq.gov\/\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Civil Air Patrol<\/span><\/a><\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">capacitor<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> an electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">carrier<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> - a pure continuous radio emission at a fixed frequency, without modulation and without interruption. Several types of modulation can be applied to the carrier, See AM and FM. See URL: <\/font><a href=\"swl.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Modulation Modes<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <\/font><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">carrier-operated relay<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> (COR) - (Repeater Term) circuitry that causes the repeater to transmit in response to a received signal.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CATV<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> - <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">Cable Television (originally Community Television)<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">CATVI<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Cable Television Interface.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CBA <\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Callbook Address<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CC&amp;R&#39;s<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Covenents, Conditions, and Restrictions - an extensive set of rules drawn up by homeowner&#39;s associations and their lawyers which, among other things, typically restrict or completely prohibit a homeowner from having most forms of antennas on their property.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CCW<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Coherent CW<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">center frequency<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - The unmodulated carrier frequency of an FM transmitter.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">center loading<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - A loading coil at the center of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">centi<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">:<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> the metric prefix for 10^-2, or divide by 100.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">channel<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 10pt\"> <\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- (Repeater Term) the pair of frequencies (input and output) used by a repeater.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">chassis ground<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">the common connection for all parts of a circuit that connect to the negative side of the power supply.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">chirp<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- Changes in the carrier frequency of a CW transmitter, resulting in a chirping sound<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">clear<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> -- used to indicate a station is done transmitting<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">closed repeater<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - (Repeater Term) a repeater whose access is limited to a select group (see open repeater).<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">cloud warmer<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - an antenna which radiates most of the transmitted energy nearly straight up.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">CMOS<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"> - Complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">coax, coaxial cable<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. 50-ohm and 72 ohm characteristic impedances are typical. See <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/techref.htm\"><span style=\"color: blue\">Coax Types<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">code<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\">- usually refers to Morse code, but used for others such as baudot.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif';","page_title_HamGlossary":"Ham Glossary \/ Jargon","page_content_HamGlossary":"<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">A (Alpha) <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A - Ampere<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Unit of current measurement. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A Battery<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B-battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage for the tubes.&nbsp;<\/font>  <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">absorption<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The reduction in a radio signal strength in the ionosphere.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Alternating Current<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">access code<\/font> -&nbsp;<\/font><font size=\"2\"> (Repeater Term) A code to activate a repeater function e.g. auto patch, link etc.. One or more numbers and\/or symbols are keyed in with a telephone key pad and transmitted to the repeater. <\/font><\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A\/D<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Analog-to-Digital<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Aerial<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Used in the early days of radio - sometimes referring to an outdoor antenna. Still used in the UK.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AF<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Audio Frequency 20 to 20,000 hertz, the human hearing range. Also abbreviation for Africa<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AFC<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Automatic frequency control. Used in FM receivers to prevent drift.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AFSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Audio frequency shift keying (as opposed to frequency shift keying, FSK)<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A-index<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - An index of the conditions of the Earth&rsquo;s magnetic field as measured at Boulder, Colorado. Propagation generally improves with lower measurement numbers. URL:<\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AGC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Gain Control. A feedback voltage in the receiver circuit to prevent fading<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ALC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic level control. A feedback voltage in the transmitter&#39;s output amplifier used to prevent amplifier overload. Also used as feedback from a linear amplifier back to the exciter to prevent overdriving.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">alligator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A repeater that transmits further than it can receive, big mouth, small ears! Also used in reference to a repeater timer timeout. If you talk on the repeater too long, an internal timer will cut you off, and jargon for this is &quot;The alligator got you!&quot;<\/font><\/font> Also in contesting circles to refer to a station (usually running high power and under noisy receive conditions) whose transmit signal is greater than their receive capability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">-<\/font> a person licensed to operate in the amateur bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur radio<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - A non-commercial radio service as set by a recognized cognizant government agency. In the USA, amateur radio is defined under part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations - See URL: <a href=\"frequencies.htm\">Part 97<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur service<\/font>: <font size=\"2\">a radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ampere (A)<\/font> : <font size=\"2\">the basic unit of electrical current. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AM<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amplitude Modulation See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A.M<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">.-<\/font> ante meridian (before noon).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMSAT<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation - See URL: <a href=\"satellites.htm\">AMSAT<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMTOR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Teleprinter Over Radio. A version of RTTY. - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#D\">AMTOR<\/a> Also used commercially as SITOR (Simplex Teleprinter Over Radio).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ANARC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Association of North American Radio Clubs. See<a href=\"http:\/\/www.anarc.org\/\"> ANARC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"1\"> <\/font><font size=\"2\">a device that intercepts or radiates radio frequency energy.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">antenna farm<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Ham&#39;s dream -- lotsa room for big, long, antennas<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna tuner<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">Impedance-matching device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter, receiver, or transceiver output impedance.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">appliance operator<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: Hams who neither build nor experiment with radio equipment, but merely operate commercial equipment, perhaps without understanding how it all works.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">APRS<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Automatic Packet Position Reporting System - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#APRS\">APRS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARA<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Association<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Amateur Radio Club. Military Designation for Avionics (Aviation Radio Composite)<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARES<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Emergency Service - See URL: <a href=\"emergency.htm\">ARES<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARRL<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Radio Relay League , the national amateur radio organization in the USA - See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/\">ARRL<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic repeat request used in AMTOR.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASCII<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII 7-bit code represents 128 characters including 32 control characters. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic send-receive. An RTTY terminal mode that allows message composition while receiving text from the another station.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Attenuator, often expressed in dB of reduction.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATV <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Amateur Television, also known as fast scan television - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#A\">ATV<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">auroral propagation<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Propagation above 30 MHz by means of refraction by highly ionized regions around the Earth&rsquo;s poles. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">autopatch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a device that interfaces a repeater to the telephone system to permit repeater users to make telephone calls. Often just called a &quot;patch.&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AVC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Volume Control - A feedback scheme to level out the receiver audio volume<\/font>. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">AWG<\/font> - American Wire Gauge - standard for describing the diameter of wire by which the wire size increases as the gauge number decreases.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><a name=\"B\"><font size=\"4\">B (Bravo)<\/font><\/a><font size=\"4\"> &nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">B - Battery<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced line<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A feed line with two conductors having equal but opposite voltages, with neither conductor at ground potential.<\/font>&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced modulator<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a mixer circuit used in a single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmitter to combine a voice signal and the RF carrier. The balanced modulator isolates the input signals from each other and the output, so that only the sum and the difference of the two input signals reach the output. The original carrier signal and the audio signal are suppressed.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">balun<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- balance to unbalance , a device used to couple a balanced antenna to an unbalanced feed line (e.g., dipole to coax)<\/font> &nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- a range of frequencies allotted for a particular use (e.g., 20 Meter Band) <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/frequencies.htm#HF\">See Ham bands<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bandpass<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - range of frequencies permitted to pass through a filter or receiver circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band-pass filte<\/font>r:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a circuit that passes a range of frequencies and attenuates signals above and below this range<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">base<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- a radio station located at a fixed location as opposed to a mobile. Used to identify the control location in a network of radio stations.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">barefoot<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- transmitting with a transceiver alone and no linear amplifier<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">base loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the bottom of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BAUD<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The unit of digital-signal speed.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">B<\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">audot:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a five-bit digital code used in teleprinter application.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - British Broadcasting Corporation. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/\">See BBC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bulletin Board System<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BCI<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Broadcast radio interference.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beam<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - an antenna that gives a directional beam pattern. See Yagi <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beacon<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">:<\/font> A station that transmits one-way signals for the purpose of navigation, homing, and propagation condition determination. See URL: <a href=\"beacons.htm\">Beacons<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">Benton Harbor Lunch Box<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A portable transceiver made by Heathkit Co. Band choices were 2, 6, or 10 meters&nbsp; - AM operation.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BFO<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Beat frequency oscillator. Used to mix with the incoming signal to produce an audio tone for CW reception. A BFO is needed to copy CW and SSB signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bird <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- nickname for satellite. Also a brand name of a high-end, high quality directional wattmeter.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">b<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">irdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Spurious signals produced in a receiver - usually a product of mixed intermediate frequencies within the radio.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bleed over<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Interference caused by a station operating on an adjacent channel<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">bleeder resistor<\/font>:<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a large-value resistor connected across the filter capacitor in a power supply to discharge the filter capacitors when the supply is turned off.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">block diagram<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a drawing using rectangles to represent major sections of electronic circuits. The diagram shows signal flow and the function of the sections.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BNC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Coax connector commonly used with VHF\/UHF equipment -- Bayonet Niell-Concelman (standard connector type used on COAX cable, named for its inventors).\\<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BPL<\/font> - BroadBand Over Power Lines<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bps<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bits per second<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BPSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Binary Phase Shift Keying; digital DSB suppressed carrier modulation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">birdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: A false or spurious signal in a receiver inadvertently produced by the receiver&rsquo;s circuitry.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">boat anchor<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antique ham equipment -- So named because of weight and size. See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/antique.htm#BA\">BoatAnchors<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bootlegger<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Someone, usually not a Ham but a wannabe, making up a callsign, one usually not in the callbook, and getting on the air. Sometimes it is someone who already bought a radio, took the test and flunked, and then gets on the air anyway.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bounce<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - reflections of a radio wave off of an object, (e.g., the ionosphere or the moon)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">breadboard<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Early experimenters used a wood board or bread board to lay out circuits. Now used to describe an experimental layout on whatever media -- like PC boards.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term)&nbsp; used to interrupt a conversation on a repeater to indicate that there is an emergency or urgent message. If non-urgent, simply interject your callsign.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break break<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) used to intercede in an existing conversation with emergency communications.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">broadcasting<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> transmissions intended for the general public. Broadcasting is prohibited on the Amateur Radio Bands, other than QST&#39;s which of are of interest to all Amateur Stations, example W1AW code practice transmissions.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bug<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - a semi-automatic mechanical code key<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bunny hunt<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (see &quot;fox hunt&quot;) See<a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/opmodes.htm#TH\"> Fox Hunting<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bureau<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - International Amateur organizations set up to process QSL cards between countries. Provides an inexpensive way to send and receive QSL cards - See URL: <a href=\"callbooks.htm#ARRL\">Bureaus<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">burro<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- International QSL forwarding bureau. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Busted Call --&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">An incorrectly logged callsign<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">C (Charlie)<\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">C- Battery<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font> <\/font><a name=\"C\"> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">c<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">alifornia kilowatt<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a power setting above the legal limit<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">call book<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a publication or CD ROM that lists licensed amateur radio operators See URL: <\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"callbooks.htm\">CALLBOOK<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">calling frequency<\/font><font size=\"2\">: A defacto standard frequency where stations attempt to contact each other. Example -- 146.52 is the USA National FM simplex calling frequency See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/callfreq.htm\">Calling Frequencies<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">candy store<\/font><font size=\"2\"> -- ham term for the local Ham Radio Dealer. -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/stores.htm\">Ham Stores<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cans<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- headphones<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cap<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - capacitor (formerly condenser)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CAP<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - <a href=\"http:\/\/www.capnhq.gov\/\">Civil Air Patrol<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">capacitor<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> an electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a pure continuous radio emission at a fixed frequency, without modulation and without interruption. Several types of modulation can be applied to the carrier, See AM and FM. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier-operated relay<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> (COR) - (Repeater Term) circuitry that causes the repeater to transmit in response to a received signal.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CATV<\/font> - <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Cable Television (originally Community Television)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">CATVI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Cable Television Interface.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CBA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Callbook Address<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CC&amp;R&#39;s<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Covenents, Conditions, and Restrictions - an extensive set of rules drawn up by homeowner&#39;s associations and their lawyers which, among other things, typically restrict or completely prohibit a homeowner from having most forms of antennas on their property.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CCW<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Coherent CW<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The unmodulated carrier frequency of an FM transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the center of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">centi<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-2, or divide by 100.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">channel<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the pair of frequencies&nbsp; (input and output) used by a repeater.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chassis ground<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">the common connection for all parts of a circuit that connect to the negative side of the power supply.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chirp<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Changes in the carrier frequency of a CW transmitter, resulting in a chirping sound<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">clear<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- used to indicate a station is done transmitting<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">closed repeater<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a repeater whose access is limited to a select group (see open repeater).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cloud warmer<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - an antenna which radiates most of the transmitted energy nearly straight up.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CMOS<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coax, coaxial cable<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. 50-ohm and 72 ohm characteristic impedances are typical. See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/techref.htm#CX\">Coax Types<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">code<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- usually refers to Morse code, but used for others such as baudot.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">coil<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">a conductor wound into a series of loops. See also inductor<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">color code<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a system in which numerical values are assigned to various colors. Colored stripes are painted on the body of resistors and other components to show their value. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.testeq.com\/charts\/\">Color Code<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">condenser<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Old term for capacitor - basic unit is farads, which is generally too large so usually expressed in microfarads or picofarads. An electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">controller<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) the control system within a repeater --&nbsp; usually includes turning the repeater on-off, timing transmissions, sending the identification signal, controlling the auto patch and CTCSS encoder\/decoder. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">control operator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the Amateur Radio operator designated to &quot;control&quot; the operation of the repeater, as required by FCC regulations.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copy<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- indication of how well communications are received. &quot;I have a good copy on you&quot;<br \/>\r\n\talso used as a question, as in &quot;did you copy&quot; - understand all&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copying<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-- used to indicate one is monitoring as in &quot;I was copying the mail&quot; which means&nbsp;<br \/>\r\n\tI was listening in on the conversation<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">core<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">the material used in the center of an inductor coil, where magnetic fields is concentrated.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">courtesy beep<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) an audible indication that a repeater user may go ahead and transmit, usually resets the timer<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coverage<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) the geographic area that the repeater provides communications.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CPS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cycles Per Second, this terminology was replaced by &quot;Hertz&quot; (see &quot;Hertz&quot;)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - calling any amateur radio station, may be sent in CW, phone or some digital modes<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CR<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Carriage return<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">critical angle<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The angle at which a radio signal is refracted in the ionosphere. Lower angles generally result in greater distance transmissions.<\/font> <br \/>\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">critical frequency<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the highest frequency at which a vertically incident radio wave will return from the ionosphere. Above the critical frequency radio signals pass through the ionosphere instead of returning to Earth.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">cross-band<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the process of transmitting on one band and receiving on another.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CRT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cathode-ray tube<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a piezoelectric device that tends to resonate at a frequency dependent on its material, dimensions, and temperature<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">crystal filter<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A network of piezoelectric crystals used to obtain high rejection of unwanted signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal oscillator<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a device that uses a quartz crystal to keep the frequency of a transmitter constant.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CSCE<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (U.S.), a certificate certifying a person has successfully passed one or more of the amateur radio license examinations<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CTCSS<\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for continuous tone-controlled squelch system, a series of subaudible tones that some repeaters use to restrict access. See<a href=\"http:\/\/florida-repeaters.org\/ctcss.htm\"> CTCSS Codes<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">current:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a flow of electrons in an electrical circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cutoff frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- The frequency at which a filter will begin to reject signals.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CW<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Continuous Wave, see carrier. In truth a continuous wave is an unmodulated, uninterrupted RF wave. However in common usage refers to Morse code emissions or messages which is an interrupted wave. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cycles (cps)<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">term used for measuring frequency prior to the term Hertz replaced it - hence kc, Mc, etc.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"D\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">D (Delta)<\/font><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dB<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Decibel (1\/10 of a Bel); unit for the ratio of two power measurements. - See URL: <a href=\"techref.htm\">decibel<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">dBc - <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">In terms of RF signals, dBc is <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Decibels <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">relative to the carrier level.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dBd<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below a dipole antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">d<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bi <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below an isotropic antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DC<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Direct current <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">de<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- Morse code for &quot;from&quot; e.g., AC6V de WA0PPP<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deci<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-1, or divide by 10.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">delta-loop antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a variation of the cubical quad with triangular elements.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">desense (desensitization)<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: the reduction of receiver sensitivity due to overload from a nearby transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">detector<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the stage in a receiver in which the modulation (voice or other information) is recovered from the RF signal. Called a discriminator in FM<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deviation<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The change in the carrier frequency of a FM transmitter produced by the modulating signal. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">deviation ratio<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the ratio between the maximum change in RF-carrier frequency and the highest modulating frequency used in an FM transmitter. Also see modulation Index.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">digipeater<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A store-and-forward digital repeater which will receive and transmit a data packet on the same frequency. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">dip meter<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- or grid dip meter -- a device used to determine the resonant frequency of an electronic circuit <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">diplexer<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; A frequency splitting and isolation device. Typically used to couple two transceivers to a single or dual band antenna , thus allowing one to receive on one transceiver and transmit on the other transceiver. Typical application 2M and 440MHz transceivers into a dual band antenna for satellite work. Thus typically an isolation device for use on 2 or more different bands.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dipole<\/font> <font color=\"#000000\"><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; the basic antenna consisting of a length of wire or tubing, open and fed at the center. The entire antenna is &frac12; wavelength long at the desired operating frequency. This antenna often used as a standard for calculating gain, dBd.<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">director <\/font><font size=\"2\">- an element in front of the driven element in a Yagi or Quad and some other directional antennas.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">doubling<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- (Repeater Term) On a repeater if two stations transmit simultaneously, the signals mix in the repeater&#39;s receiver and results in a raspy signal. FM has a characteristic whereby the stronger signals &quot;captures&quot; and over-rides the weaker one.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">downlink<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Channel used for satellite-to-earth communications. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">to two different points.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">double-pole, single-throw (DPST) switch<\/font> <\/font><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">on or off.&nbsp; <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">DPSK <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Differential Phase Shift Keying; a form of BPSK where only data transitions are transmitted. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">D-region<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- D-layer: The lowest region of the ionosphere found approximately 25 to 55 miles above Earth; it fades away quickly after sunset and sometimes does not form at all on short winter days. The main impact of the D-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it. -- See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">driven element<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antenna element that connects directly to the feed line.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dropping out<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-&nbsp; (Repeater Term) a repeater requires a minimum signal in order to transmit, when a signal does not have enough strength to keep the repeater transmitting, it &quot;drops out&quot;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DSP<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital Signal Processing - allows for filtering, noise reduction, audio equalization, etc <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DTMF<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for dual-tone multi-frequency, the series of tones generated from a keypad on a ham radio transceiver (or a regular telephone).&nbsp; Uses 2-of-7 or 2-of-8 tones; often referred to by Bell&#39;s trademark Touchtone. See <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070208122351\/users.tkk.fi\/~then\/mytexts\/dtmf_generation.html\">DTMF Tones<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dual-band antenna<\/font><font size=\"2\">&nbsp; - antenna designed for use on two different Amateur Radio bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dummy load <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a device which substitutes for an antenna during tests on a transmitter. It converts radio energy to heat instead of radiating energy. Offers a match to the transmitter output impedance. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Dupe <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A duplicate contact -- As in Contesting<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">duplex<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a communication mode in which a radio transmits on one frequency and receives on another (also see full duplex, half duplex, and simplex)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">duplexer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a device used in repeater systems which allows a single antenna to transmit and receive simultaneously<\/font><\/font>. Thus typically for isolation on a system on the same band.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DVM<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital voltmeter <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DX<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (noun) distant station; (verb) to contact a distant station <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- An Amateur radio operator who actively pursues contacting distant and rare Amateur Radio stations. Also applied to Short Wave Listeners. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DXCC<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Award offered by ARRL for contacting and confirming 100 or more different countries first introduced in 1937.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DXCC is copyright ARRL and its use here is printed with permission of the ARRL. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/awards\/#dxcc\">DXCC<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXpedition<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Radio expedition to remote and rare locations -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ng3k.com\/Misc\/adxo.html\">Current DX Operations<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">dynamic range<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: How well a receiver can handle strong signals with overloading; any measure of over 100 decibels is considered excellent. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><a name=\"E\">E (Echo)<\/a><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">earth ground<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a circuit connection to a ground rod driven into the earth<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Echolink<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa\">Uses a <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa; mso-bidi-font-family: arial\">network protocol called VoIP (Voice over IP). <\/span>This program allows worldwide connections to be made between stations, from computer to station, or from computer to computer.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are more than 96,000 registered users in 128 countries worldwide!<span style=\"color: windowtext\"><o:p> <\/o:p>URL: <\/span><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/repeaters.htm#EL\">EchoLink<\/a><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ECSSB<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Exalted-carrier single sideband. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Edison Effect<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Thomas A. Edison discovered the electron flow from a glowing cathode to an anode in an evacuated glass bulb and was called the &#39;Edison-effect&#39; This led to the development of the vacuum tube. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EEPROM<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 55 to 90 miles above Earth; it fades away a few hours after sunset. The main impact of the E-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it, although sporadic-E propagation makes possible distant communications on frequencies above 30 MHz. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EHF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely High Frequency (30 - 300 GHz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EIRP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective isotropic radiated power. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">elephant<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a repeater that receives further than it can transmit, big ears, small mouth! <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ELF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely Low Frequency (30 - 300 Hz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">elmer<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a mentor; an experienced operator who tutors newer operators See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.novia.net\/~pschleck\/elmers\/\">ELMERS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">eleven meters <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- currently the CB band, once a Ham band <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EME<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Earth-Moon-Earth; using the moon as a passive reflector to establish a signal path; moonbounce. - See URL: <a href=\"astronomy.htm\">EME<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">EMF<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>Electromotive force; voltage. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EMI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Electromagnetic interference. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">emission mode<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - the form of a radio emission, such as AM, FM, or single sideband - See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">EMP<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electromagnetic pulse; a extremely high-energy magnetic field. Such as the current flow caused by a lightning strike or nuclear explosion. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ERP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective Radiated Power <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-skip<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Sporadic E-layer ionospheric propagation see URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ether<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Old theory for the medium once believed to conduct radio waves. The existence of the&nbsp; ionosphere is first discovered by the English physicist, Appelton in 1924. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">Eu<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Europe <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">eyeball<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A face-to-face meeting between two ham radio operators. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp; <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"F\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">F <\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">(Foxtrot)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Federal Aviation Administration (USA). <\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\">See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/\">FAA<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">F-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 90 to 400 miles above Earth and which is responsible for most long distance propagation on frequencies below 30 MHz. During the daytime (especially in summer), solar heating can cause the F-layer to split into two separate layers, the F1-layer and the F2-layer. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAQ<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Frequently Asked Questions <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">far field of an antenna<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- that region of the electromagnetic field surrounding an antenna where the field strength as a function of angle (the antenna pattern) is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. In this region (also called the free-space region), the field has a predominantly plane-wave character. That is, locally uniform distributions of electric field strength and magnetic field strength are in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">Farnswo","page_title_Ham_Gloss_A-E":"Ham Glossary \/ Jargon A Thru E","page_content_Ham_Gloss_A-E":"<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">A (Alpha) <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A - Ampere<\/font>&nbsp; <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Unit of current measurement. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A Battery<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B-battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage for the tubes.&nbsp;<\/font>  <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">absorption<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The reduction in a radio signal strength in the ionosphere.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Alternating Current<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">access code<\/font> -&nbsp;<\/font><font size=\"2\"> (Repeater Term) A code to activate a repeater function e.g. auto patch, link etc.. One or more numbers and\/or symbols are keyed in with a telephone key pad and transmitted to the repeater. <\/font><\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A\/D<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Analog-to-Digital<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Aerial<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Used in the early days of radio - sometimes referring to an outdoor antenna. Still used in the UK.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AF<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Audio Frequency 20 to 20,000 hertz, the human hearing range. Also abbreviation for Africa<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">AFC<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Automatic frequency control. Used in FM receivers to prevent drift.<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AFSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Audio frequency shift keying (as opposed to frequency shift keying, FSK)<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"A\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A-index<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - An index of the conditions of the Earth&rsquo;s magnetic field as measured at Boulder, Colorado. Propagation generally improves with lower measurement numbers. URL:<\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AGC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Gain Control. A feedback voltage in the receiver circuit to prevent fading<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ALC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic level control. A feedback voltage in the transmitter&#39;s output amplifier used to prevent amplifier overload. Also used as feedback from a linear amplifier back to the exciter to prevent overdriving.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">alligator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A repeater that transmits further than it can receive, big mouth, small ears! Also used in reference to a repeater timer timeout. If you talk on the repeater too long, an internal timer will cut you off, and jargon for this is &quot;The alligator got you!&quot;<\/font><\/font> Also in contesting circles to refer to a station (usually running high power and under noisy receive conditions) whose transmit signal is greater than their receive capability.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">-<\/font> a person licensed to operate in the amateur bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur radio<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - A non-commercial radio service as set by a recognized cognizant government agency. In the USA, amateur radio is defined under part 97 of the FCC Rules and Regulations - See URL: <a href=\"frequencies.htm\">Part 97<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">amateur service<\/font>: <font size=\"2\">a radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ampere (A)<\/font> : <font size=\"2\">the basic unit of electrical current. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit per unit of time.&nbsp; 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AM<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amplitude Modulation See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">A.M<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">.-<\/font> ante meridian (before noon).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMSAT<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation - See URL: <a href=\"satellites.htm\">AMSAT<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AMTOR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Teleprinter Over Radio. A version of RTTY. - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#D\">AMTOR<\/a> Also used commercially as SITOR (Simplex Teleprinter Over Radio).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ANARC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Association of North American Radio Clubs. See<a href=\"http:\/\/www.anarc.org\/\"> ANARC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"1\"> <\/font><font size=\"2\">a device that intercepts or radiates radio frequency energy.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">antenna farm<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Ham&#39;s dream -- lotsa room for big, long, antennas<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">antenna tuner<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">Impedance-matching device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter, receiver, or transceiver output impedance.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">appliance operator<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: Hams who neither build nor experiment with radio equipment, but merely operate commercial equipment, perhaps without understanding how it all works.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">APRS<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Automatic Packet Position Reporting System - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#APRS\">APRS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARA<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Association<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Amateur Radio Club. Military Designation for Avionics (Aviation Radio Composite)<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARES<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Amateur Radio Emergency Service - See URL: <a href=\"emergency.htm\">ARES<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARRL<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Radio Relay League , the national amateur radio organization in the USA - See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/\">ARRL<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ARQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic repeat request used in AMTOR.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASCII<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The ASCII 7-bit code represents 128 characters including 32 control characters. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ASR<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic send-receive. An RTTY terminal mode that allows message composition while receiving text from the another station.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Attenuator, often expressed in dB of reduction.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ATV <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Amateur Television, also known as fast scan television - See URL: <a href=\"opmodes.htm#A\">ATV<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">auroral propagation<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Propagation above 30 MHz by means of refraction by highly ionized regions around the Earth&rsquo;s poles. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">autopatch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a device that interfaces a repeater to the telephone system to permit repeater users to make telephone calls. Often just called a &quot;patch.&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">AVC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Automatic Volume Control - A feedback scheme to level out the receiver audio volume<\/font>. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">AWG<\/font> - American Wire Gauge - standard for describing the diameter of wire by which the wire size increases as the gauge number decreases.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><a name=\"B\"><font size=\"4\">B (Bravo)<\/font><\/a><font size=\"4\"> &nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">B - Battery<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or the Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced line<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A feed line with two conductors having equal but opposite voltages, with neither conductor at ground potential.<\/font>&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">balanced modulator<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a mixer circuit used in a single-sideband suppressed-carrier transmitter to combine a voice signal and the RF carrier. The balanced modulator isolates the input signals from each other and the output, so that only the sum and the difference of the two input signals reach the output. The original carrier signal and the audio signal are suppressed.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">balun<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- balance to unbalance , a device used to couple a balanced antenna to an unbalanced feed line (e.g., dipole to coax)<\/font> &nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- a range of frequencies allotted for a particular use (e.g., 20 Meter Band) <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/frequencies.htm#HF\">See Ham bands<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bandpass<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - range of frequencies permitted to pass through a filter or receiver circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">band-pass filte<\/font>r:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">a circuit that passes a range of frequencies and attenuates signals above and below this range<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">base<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- a radio station located at a fixed location as opposed to a mobile. Used to identify the control location in a network of radio stations.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">barefoot<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- transmitting with a transceiver alone and no linear amplifier<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">base loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the bottom of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BAUD<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The unit of digital-signal speed.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">B<\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">audot:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a five-bit digital code used in teleprinter application.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBC<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - British Broadcasting Corporation. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/\">See BBC<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BBS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bulletin Board System<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BCI<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Broadcast radio interference.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beam<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - an antenna that gives a directional beam pattern. See Yagi <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">beacon<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">:<\/font> A station that transmits one-way signals for the purpose of navigation, homing, and propagation condition determination. See URL: <a href=\"beacons.htm\">Beacons<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">Benton Harbor Lunch Box<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A portable transceiver made by Heathkit Co. Band choices were 2, 6, or 10 meters&nbsp; - AM operation.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BFO<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Beat frequency oscillator. Used to mix with the incoming signal to produce an audio tone for CW reception. A BFO is needed to copy CW and SSB signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bird <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- nickname for satellite. Also a brand name of a high-end, high quality directional wattmeter.&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">b<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">irdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Spurious signals produced in a receiver - usually a product of mixed intermediate frequencies within the radio.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bleed over<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Interference caused by a station operating on an adjacent channel<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">bleeder resistor<\/font>:<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a large-value resistor connected across the filter capacitor in a power supply to discharge the filter capacitors when the supply is turned off.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">block diagram<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">a drawing using rectangles to represent major sections of electronic circuits. The diagram shows signal flow and the function of the sections.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BNC<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Coax connector commonly used with VHF\/UHF equipment -- Bayonet Niell-Concelman (standard connector type used on COAX cable, named for its inventors).\\<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">BPL<\/font> - BroadBand Over Power Lines<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bps<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Bits per second<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">BPSK<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Binary Phase Shift Keying; digital DSB suppressed carrier modulation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">birdie<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: A false or spurious signal in a receiver inadvertently produced by the receiver&rsquo;s circuitry.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">boat anchor<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antique ham equipment -- So named because of weight and size. See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/antique.htm#BA\">BoatAnchors<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bootlegger<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Someone, usually not a Ham but a wannabe, making up a callsign, one usually not in the callbook, and getting on the air. Sometimes it is someone who already bought a radio, took the test and flunked, and then gets on the air anyway.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bounce<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - reflections of a radio wave off of an object, (e.g., the ionosphere or the moon)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">breadboard<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Early experimenters used a wood board or bread board to lay out circuits. Now used to describe an experimental layout on whatever media -- like PC boards.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term)&nbsp; used to interrupt a conversation on a repeater to indicate that there is an emergency or urgent message. If non-urgent, simply interject your callsign.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">break break<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) used to intercede in an existing conversation with emergency communications.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">broadcasting<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> transmissions intended for the general public. Broadcasting is prohibited on the Amateur Radio Bands, other than QST&#39;s which of are of interest to all Amateur Stations, example W1AW code practice transmissions.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bug<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - a semi-automatic mechanical code key<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bunny hunt<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - (see &quot;fox hunt&quot;) See<a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/opmodes.htm#TH\"> Fox Hunting<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">bureau<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - International Amateur organizations set up to process QSL cards between countries. Provides an inexpensive way to send and receive QSL cards - See URL: <a href=\"callbooks.htm#ARRL\">Bureaus<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">burro<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- International QSL forwarding bureau. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Busted Call --&nbsp; <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">An incorrectly logged callsign<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">C (Charlie)<\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">C- Battery<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- in early radio, batteries were the prime source of power - The A battery provided the filament voltage, the B battery furnished the B+ or Voltage to the plates of the tubes, and the C battery provided the grid-bias voltage to the tubes.<\/font> <\/font><a name=\"C\"> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">c<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">alifornia kilowatt<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a power setting above the legal limit<\/font> <\/font> <\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"C\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">call book<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a publication or CD ROM that lists licensed amateur radio operators See URL: <\/font><\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><a href=\"callbooks.htm\">CALLBOOK<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">calling frequency<\/font><font size=\"2\">: A defacto standard frequency where stations attempt to contact each other. Example -- 146.52 is the USA National FM simplex calling frequency See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/callfreq.htm\">Calling Frequencies<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">candy store<\/font><font size=\"2\"> -- ham term for the local Ham Radio Dealer. -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/stores.htm\">Ham Stores<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cans<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- headphones<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cap<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - capacitor (formerly condenser)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CAP<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - <a href=\"http:\/\/www.capnhq.gov\/\">Civil Air Patrol<\/a><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">capacitor<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> an electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a pure continuous radio emission at a fixed frequency, without modulation and without interruption. Several types of modulation can be applied to the carrier, See AM and FM. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">carrier-operated relay<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> (COR) - (Repeater Term) circuitry that causes the repeater to transmit in response to a received signal.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CATV<\/font> - <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Cable Television (originally Community Television)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">CATVI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Cable Television Interface.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CBA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Callbook Address<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">CC&amp;R&#39;s<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Covenents, Conditions, and Restrictions - an extensive set of rules drawn up by homeowner&#39;s associations and their lawyers which, among other things, typically restrict or completely prohibit a homeowner from having most forms of antennas on their property.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CCW<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Coherent CW<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The unmodulated carrier frequency of an FM transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">center loading<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A loading coil at the center of an antenna to achieve a lower resonant frequency<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">centi<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-2, or divide by 100.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">channel<\/font><font size=\"2\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the pair of frequencies&nbsp; (input and output) used by a repeater.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chassis ground<\/font>:<\/font> <font size=\"2\">the common connection for all parts of a circuit that connect to the negative side of the power supply.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">chirp<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Changes in the carrier frequency of a CW transmitter, resulting in a chirping sound<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">clear<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> -- used to indicate a station is done transmitting<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">closed repeater<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) a repeater whose access is limited to a select group (see open repeater).<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cloud warmer<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - an antenna which radiates most of the transmitted energy nearly straight up.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CMOS<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coax, coaxial cable<\/font><font size=\"2\"> A type of wire that consists of a center wire surrounded by insulation and then a grounded shield of braided wire. The shield minimizes electrical and radio frequency interference. 50-ohm and 72 ohm characteristic impedances are typical. See <a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/techref.htm#CX\">Coax Types<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">code<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- usually refers to Morse code, but used for others such as baudot.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">coil<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">a conductor wound into a series of loops. See also inductor<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">color code<\/font>:<\/font><font size=\"2\"> a system in which numerical values are assigned to various colors. Colored stripes are painted on the body of resistors and other components to show their value. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.testeq.com\/charts\/\">Color Code<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">condenser<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- Old term for capacitor - basic unit is farads, which is generally too large so usually expressed in microfarads or picofarads. An electronic component composed of two or more conductive plates separated by an insulating material. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">controller<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">(Repeater Term) the control system within a repeater --&nbsp; usually includes turning the repeater on-off, timing transmissions, sending the identification signal, controlling the auto patch and CTCSS encoder\/decoder. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">control operator<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) the Amateur Radio operator designated to &quot;control&quot; the operation of the repeater, as required by FCC regulations.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copy<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- indication of how well communications are received. &quot;I have a good copy on you&quot;<br \/>\r\n\talso used as a question, as in &quot;did you copy&quot; - understand all&quot;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">copying<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-- used to indicate one is monitoring as in &quot;I was copying the mail&quot; which means&nbsp;<br \/>\r\n\tI was listening in on the conversation<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">core<\/font>: <\/font><font size=\"2\">the material used in the center of an inductor coil, where magnetic fields is concentrated.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">courtesy beep<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) an audible indication that a repeater user may go ahead and transmit, usually resets the timer<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">coverage<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - (Repeater Term) the geographic area that the repeater provides communications.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CPS<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cycles Per Second, this terminology was replaced by &quot;Hertz&quot; (see &quot;Hertz&quot;)<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CQ<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - calling any amateur radio station, may be sent in CW, phone or some digital modes<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">CR<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Carriage return<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">critical angle<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - The angle at which a radio signal is refracted in the ionosphere. Lower angles generally result in greater distance transmissions.<\/font> <br \/>\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">critical frequency<\/font>: <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">the highest frequency at which a vertically incident radio wave will return from the ionosphere. Above the critical frequency radio signals pass through the ionosphere instead of returning to Earth.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">cross-band<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the process of transmitting on one band and receiving on another.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CRT<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Cathode-ray tube<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a piezoelectric device that tends to resonate at a frequency dependent on its material, dimensions, and temperature<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">crystal filter<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - A network of piezoelectric crystals used to obtain high rejection of unwanted signals.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">crystal oscillator<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a device that uses a quartz crystal to keep the frequency of a transmitter constant.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CSCE<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (U.S.), a certificate certifying a person has successfully passed one or more of the amateur radio license examinations<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">CTCSS<\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for continuous tone-controlled squelch system, a series of subaudible tones that some repeaters use to restrict access. See<a href=\"http:\/\/florida-repeaters.org\/ctcss.htm\"> CTCSS Codes<\/a> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">current:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a flow of electrons in an electrical circuit.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cutoff frequency<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>- The frequency at which a filter will begin to reject signals.<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">CW<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Continuous Wave, see carrier. In truth a continuous wave is an unmodulated, uninterrupted RF wave. However in common usage refers to Morse code emissions or messages which is an interrupted wave. See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">cycles (cps)<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">term used for measuring frequency prior to the term Hertz replaced it - hence kc, Mc, etc.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"D\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">D (Delta)<\/font><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dB<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Decibel (1\/10 of a Bel); unit for the ratio of two power measurements. - See URL: <a href=\"techref.htm\">decibel<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">dBc - <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">In terms of RF signals, dBc is <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Decibels <\/font><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">relative to the carrier level.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dBd<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below a dipole antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">d<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Bi <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Decibels above or below an isotropic antenna. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DC<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Direct current <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">de<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- Morse code for &quot;from&quot; e.g., AC6V de WA0PPP<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deci<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> the metric prefix for 10^-1, or divide by 10.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">delta-loop antenna<\/font>:<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> a variation of the cubical quad with triangular elements.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">desense (desensitization)<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: the reduction of receiver sensitivity due to overload from a nearby transmitter.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">detector<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the stage in a receiver in which the modulation (voice or other information) is recovered from the RF signal. Called a discriminator in FM<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">deviation<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- The change in the carrier frequency of a FM transmitter produced by the modulating signal. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">deviation ratio<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - the ratio between the maximum change in RF-carrier frequency and the highest modulating frequency used in an FM transmitter. Also see modulation Index.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">digipeater<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A store-and-forward digital repeater which will receive and transmit a data packet on the same frequency. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">dip meter<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- or grid dip meter -- a device used to determine the resonant frequency of an electronic circuit <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">diplexer<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; A frequency splitting and isolation device. Typically used to couple two transceivers to a single or dual band antenna , thus allowing one to receive on one transceiver and transmit on the other transceiver. Typical application 2M and 440MHz transceivers into a dual band antenna for satellite work. Thus typically an isolation device for use on 2 or more different bands.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dipole<\/font> <font color=\"#000000\"><font size=\"2\">-&nbsp; the basic antenna consisting of a length of wire or tubing, open and fed at the center. The entire antenna is &frac12; wavelength long at the desired operating frequency. This antenna often used as a standard for calculating gain, dBd.<\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">director <\/font><font size=\"2\">- an element in front of the driven element in a Yagi or Quad and some other directional antennas.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">doubling<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">-- (Repeater Term) On a repeater if two stations transmit simultaneously, the signals mix in the repeater&#39;s receiver and results in a raspy signal. FM has a characteristic whereby the stronger signals &quot;captures&quot; and over-rides the weaker one.<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">downlink<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Channel used for satellite-to-earth communications. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">double-pole, double-throw (DPDT) switch<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">to two different points.<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">double-pole, single-throw (DPST) switch<\/font> <\/font><font color=\"#000000\"><font face=\"Arial\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- switches two different circuit lines<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">on or off.&nbsp; <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">DPSK <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Differential Phase Shift Keying; a form of BPSK where only data transitions are transmitted. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">D-region<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- D-layer: The lowest region of the ionosphere found approximately 25 to 55 miles above Earth; it fades away quickly after sunset and sometimes does not form at all on short winter days. The main impact of the D-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it. -- See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">driven element<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - antenna element that connects directly to the feed line.&nbsp;<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dropping out<\/font><font size=\"2\"> <\/font>-&nbsp; (Repeater Term) a repeater requires a minimum signal in order to transmit, when a signal does not have enough strength to keep the repeater transmitting, it &quot;drops out&quot;<\/font> <\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DSP<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital Signal Processing - allows for filtering, noise reduction, audio equalization, etc <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DTMF<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) abbreviation for dual-tone multi-frequency, the series of tones generated from a keypad on a ham radio transceiver (or a regular telephone).&nbsp; Uses 2-of-7 or 2-of-8 tones; often referred to by Bell&#39;s trademark Touchtone. See <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070208122351\/users.tkk.fi\/~then\/mytexts\/dtmf_generation.html\">DTMF Tones<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dual-band antenna<\/font><font size=\"2\">&nbsp; - antenna designed for use on two different Amateur Radio bands.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">dummy load <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a device which substitutes for an antenna during tests on a transmitter. It converts radio energy to heat instead of radiating energy. Offers a match to the transmitter output impedance. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Dupe <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- A duplicate contact -- As in Contesting<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">duplex<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a communication mode in which a radio transmits on one frequency and receives on another (also see full duplex, half duplex, and simplex)<\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">duplexer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (Repeater Term) a device used in repeater systems which allows a single antenna to transmit and receive simultaneously<\/font><\/font>. Thus typically for isolation on a system on the same band.<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DVM<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Digital voltmeter <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DX<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- (noun) distant station; (verb) to contact a distant station <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXer<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- An Amateur radio operator who actively pursues contacting distant and rare Amateur Radio stations. Also applied to Short Wave Listeners. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">DXCC<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- Award offered by ARRL for contacting and confirming 100 or more different countries first introduced in 1937.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; DXCC is copyright ARRL and its use here is printed with permission of the ARRL. See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/awards\/#dxcc\">DXCC<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">DXpedition<\/font> <font size=\"2\">- Radio expedition to remote and rare locations -- See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ng3k.com\/Misc\/adxo.html\">Current DX Operations<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\">dynamic range<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">: How well a receiver can handle strong signals with overloading; any measure of over 100 decibels is considered excellent. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><a name=\"E\">E (Echo)<\/a><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">earth ground<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a circuit connection to a ground rod driven into the earth<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><\/font><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" face=\"Arial\" size=\"3\">Echolink<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa\">Uses a <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'times new roman'; mso-ansi-language: en-us; mso-fareast-language: en-us; mso-bidi-language: ar-sa; mso-bidi-font-family: arial\">network protocol called VoIP (Voice over IP). <\/span>This program allows worldwide connections to be made between stations, from computer to station, or from computer to computer.&nbsp;&nbsp;There are more than 96,000 registered users in 128 countries worldwide!<span style=\"color: windowtext\"><o:p> <\/o:p>URL: <\/span><span style=\"color: windowtext\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ac6v.com\/repeaters.htm#EL\">EchoLink<\/a><\/span><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ECSSB<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Exalted-carrier single sideband. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">Edison Effect<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Thomas A. Edison discovered the electron flow from a glowing cathode to an anode in an evacuated glass bulb and was called the &#39;Edison-effect&#39; This led to the development of the vacuum tube. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EEPROM<\/font> <font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 55 to 90 miles above Earth; it fades away a few hours after sunset. The main impact of the E-layer on radio propagation is to absorb energy from signals passing through it, although sporadic-E propagation makes possible distant communications on frequencies above 30 MHz. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EHF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely High Frequency (30 - 300 GHz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EIRP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective isotropic radiated power. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">elephant<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- a repeater that receives further than it can transmit, big ears, small mouth! <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ELF<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Extremely Low Frequency (30 - 300 Hz) <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">elmer<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - a mentor; an experienced operator who tutors newer operators See URL: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.novia.net\/~pschleck\/elmers\/\">ELMERS<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">eleven meters <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- currently the CB band, once a Ham band <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EME<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Earth-Moon-Earth; using the moon as a passive reflector to establish a signal path; moonbounce. - See URL: <a href=\"astronomy.htm\">EME<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\"><font size=\"3\">EMF<\/font><\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> <\/font>Electromotive force; voltage. <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">EMI<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Electromagnetic interference. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">emission mode<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - the form of a radio emission, such as AM, FM, or single sideband - See URL: <a href=\"swl.htm#MO\">Modulation Modes<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">EMP<\/font> <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Electromagnetic pulse; a extremely high-energy magnetic field. Such as the current flow caused by a lightning strike or nuclear explosion. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ERP<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Effective Radiated Power <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">E-skip<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Sporadic E-layer ionospheric propagation see URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">ether<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Old theory for the medium once believed to conduct radio waves. The existence of the&nbsp; ionosphere is first discovered by the English physicist, Appelton in 1924. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">Eu<\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"> - Europe <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">eyeball<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- A face-to-face meeting between two ham radio operators. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">&nbsp; <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<a name=\"F\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">F <\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\">(Foxtrot)<\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\"><font size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAA <\/font><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">- Federal Aviation Administration (USA). <\/font><\/font><font size=\"2\">See <a href=\"http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/\">FAA<\/a><\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">F-layer<\/font><font size=\"2\">: The region of the ionosphere found approximately 90 to 400 miles above Earth and which is responsible for most long distance propagation on frequencies below 30 MHz. During the daytime (especially in summer), solar heating can cause the F-layer to split into two separate layers, the F1-layer and the F2-layer. See URL: <a href=\"propagation.htm\">Propagation<\/a> <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">FAQ<\/font><font size=\"2\"> - Frequently Asked Questions <\/font><\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font size=\"3\"><font color=\"#0000ff\">far field of an antenna<\/font> <\/font><font size=\"2\">- that region of the electromagnetic field surrounding an antenna where the field strength as a function of angle (the antenna pattern) is essentially independent of the distance from the antenna. In this region (also called the free-space region), the field has a predominantly plane-wave character. That is, locally uniform distributions of electric field strength and magnetic field strength are in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation.<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 3px\">\r\n\t<font face=\"Arial\" size=\"4\"><font color=\"#0000ff\" size=\"3\">F","page_title_bandplan":"Band Plans","page_content_bandplan":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">160 METERS<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">1.810 QRP CW Calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t1828.5 -- DXpeditions CW Operations are frequently here<br \/>\r\n\t1.830-1.840 CW, RTTY and other narrowband modes, intercontinental QSOs only <br \/>\r\n\t1.840-1.850 CW, SSB, SSTV and other wideband modes, intercontinental QSOs only <br \/>\r\n\t1.825 - SSB QRP Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t1910 - SSB QRP Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">80\/75 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">3.500-3.510 CW DX Window <br \/>\r\n\t3.505 DXpeditions CW are frequently here <br \/>\r\n\t3.560 QRP CW Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t3.590 RTTY DX <br \/>\r\n\t3.790-3.800 SSB DX Window <br \/>\r\n\t3.710 QRP Novice\/Tech CW Calling Freq <br \/>\r\n\t3.845 SSTV<br \/>\r\n\t3.885 AM Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t3.799 DXpeditions SSB are frequently here <br \/>\r\n\t3.985 QRP SSB Calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.arrl.org\/FandES\/field\/regulations\/faq-60.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">60 METERS -- SEE ARRL WEBSITE <\/span><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><a href=\"http:\/\/60meters.info\/\"><span style=\"color: blue\">On 60M - CH5 is the unofficial DX calling frequency!<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">40 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">7.000 - 7.010 CW DX Window<br \/>\r\n\t7037 Pactor Calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t7.040 RTTY DX <br \/>\r\n\t7.040 QRP CW Calling Freq <br \/>\r\n\t7.050 XTAL Controlled Rigs<br \/>\r\n\t7.290 AM <br \/>\r\n\t7.065 DXpedition SSB USA split to 7.150 and above <br \/>\r\n\t7.005 DXpeditions CW are frequently here <br \/>\r\n\t7.110 QRP Novice\/Tech CW Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t7.171 SSTV <br \/>\r\n\t7.285 QRP SSB Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t7.290 AM Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">30 METERS<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">10.106 QRP CW Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t10.110 -- DXpeditions CW are frequently here<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">20 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">14.025 DXpedition CW Freq -- Usually Split <br \/>\r\n\t14.060 QRP CW Calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t14.080 DXpedition RTTY Freq<br \/>\r\n\t14.080 to 14.100 Primary Range for RTTY<br \/>\r\n\t<br \/>\r\n\t14.100 NCDXF Beacons (<\/font><span style=\"color: red\">DO NOT USE<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">) For Details - see <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncdxf.org\/Beacon\/intro.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">NCDXF\/IARU International Beacon Network<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/a><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">14.195 Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split <br \/>\r\n\t14.230, 14233, 14236 SSTV <br \/>\r\n\t14.285 QRP SSB Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t14.286 AM Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t14.336 MHz County Hunters when ever 20 is open and mobiles are around. For More County Hunters Frequencies see -- <\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">COUNTY HUNTERS<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">17 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">18.075 DXpeditions CW are frequently here -- Usually Split<br \/>\r\n\t18.080 CW QRP Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t18.110 NCDXF Beacons (<\/font><span style=\"color: red\">DO NOT USE<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">) Many Hams rely on these beacons for propagation determination. For Details - see <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncdxf.org\/Beacon\/intro.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">NCDXF\/IARU International Beacon Network<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\">18.130 SSB QRP Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t18.145 DXpeditions SSB are frequently here -- Usually Split <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">15 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">21.025 Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate CW Here - Generally Listening Up-Split<br \/>\r\n\t21.060 QRP CW calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t21.080 to 21.100 RTTY Primary Range<br \/>\r\n\t21.080 RTTY DXpeditions are frequently here<br \/>\r\n\t21.110 QRP Novice\/Tech Calling Freq <br \/>\r\n\t21.150 NCDXF\/IARU beacons (<\/font><span style=\"color: red\">DO NOT USE<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">) Many Hams rely on these beacons for propagation determination. For Details - see <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncdxf.org\/Beacon\/intro.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">NCDXF\/IARU International Beacon Network<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/a><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">21.295 Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split<br \/>\r\n\t21.340, 21430 SSTV<br \/>\r\n\t21.385 QRP SSB calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">12 METERS <\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">24.895 Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate CW Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split<br \/>\r\n\t24,910 QRP CW Calling FREQ<br \/>\r\n\t24.930 NCDXF Beacons (<\/font><span style=\"color: red\">DO NOT USE<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">) Many Hams rely on these beacons for propagation determination. For Details - see <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncdxf.org\/Beacon\/intro.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">NCDXF\/IARU International Beacon Network<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\">24.950 QRP SSB Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t24.945 Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate SSB Here -- Generally Listening Up-Split <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><font color=\"#000000\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">10 METERS<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\"> <br \/>\r\n\t28.025 CW Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here &ndash; Split <br \/>\r\n\t28.060 QRP CW Calling frequency<br \/>\r\n\t28.080 RTTY Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here -- Split <br \/>\r\n\t28.080 to 28.100 Primary Range for RTTY<br \/>\r\n\t28.1010 10\/10 Intl CW Calling Frequency<br \/>\r\n\t28.110 QRP Novice\/Tech Calling FREQ<br \/>\r\n\t28.190-28.225 Beacons <br \/>\r\n\t<br \/>\r\n\t28.200 NCDXF\/IARU beacons (<\/font><span style=\"color: red\">DO NOT USE<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">) Many Hams rely on these beacons for propagation determination. For Details - see <\/font><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncdxf.org\/Beacon\/intro.html\"><span style=\"color: blue\">NCDXF\/IARU International Beacon Network<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/a><br \/>\r\n\t<font color=\"#000000\">28.380 10\/10 SSB Intl Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t28.385 QRP SSB Calling frequency <br \/>\r\n\t28.425 10\/10 SSB Intl Calling Frequency &ndash; Another is 28.400 <br \/>\r\n\t28.495 SSB Rare DX &amp; DXpeditions Frequently Operate Here -- Split <br \/>\r\n\t28.600 Old General Callin Frequency - Still used by Old Timers <br \/>\r\n\t28.675~28.685 SSTV Operating Frequency -- IARU Region 1 <br \/>\r\n\t28.680 SSTV Operations USA\/Canada <br \/>\r\n\t28.825 10-10 Backskatter Net - Paper Chasers Net <br \/>\r\n\t28.885 6M DX Liaison Frequency -- Listen here for 6 Meter DX opening announcements and discussions. <br \/>\r\n\t28.945 FAX Operating Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t29.000-29.200 AM Operations <br \/>\r\n\t29.300-29.510 Satellite Downlinks <br \/>\r\n\t29.520-29.580 Repeater Inputs <br \/>\r\n\t29.600 FM Simplex - Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t29.620-29.680 Repeater Outputs <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><a href=\"l%20\"><span style=\"color: blue\">PSK31<\/span><\/a><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><font color=\"#000000\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: blue; font-size: 12pt\">SIX METER FREQUENCIES<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">50.06-50.09 Beacons <br \/>\r\n\t50.0-50.1 CW<br \/>\r\n\t50.090 CW Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t50.06 QRP CW Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t50.7 RTTY Calling Frequency <br \/>\r\n\t50.100 to 50.130 DX Window (USB)<br \/>\r\n\t50.110 DX Calling Frequency (USB) Usually Non-USA Stations Call Here.<br \/>\r\n\t50.115 DXpeditions Frequently operate CW and SSB here <br \/>\r\n\t50.125 USA National SSB Simplex Frequency (USB) Lots Of USA Hams Call Here For Local and Across Country<br \/>\r\n\t50.1-50.6 Weak Signal, AM<br \/>\r\n\t50.260 is the WSJT Meteor Scatter calling frequency in the USA <\/font><b><span style=\"color: red\"><br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><\/b><span style=\"color: black\">50.270 FSK Meteorscatter<\/span><font color=\"#000000\"> <br \/>\r\n\t<\/font><span style=\"color: black\">50.300 FM Simplex Calling Frequency (West Coast)<br \/>\r\n\t<\/span><font color=\"#000000\">50.385 USB PSK31<br \/>\r\n\t50.4 National AM Simplex Frequency<br \/>\r\n\t50.885 QRP SSB Calling Freq<br \/>\r\n\t51.910 FM Internet Linking<br \/>\r\n\t<span style=\"color: black\">52.525 National FM Simplex Calling Frequency<\/span> <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><font color=\"#000000\">6 Meter Simplex Frequencies --51.500 51.520 51.540 51.560 51.580 51.600 52.490 52.510 52.525* 52.540 52.550 52.570 52.590 <o:p><\/o:p><\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<b><i><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 18pt\">A Typical 6 Meter Band Plan.<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">(May Vary From Region to Region)<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n<div align=\"center\">\r\n\t<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"MsoNormalTable\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-padding-alt: 0in .5pt 0in .5pt\">\r\n\t\t<tbody>\r\n\t\t\t<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes\">&nbsp;<\/span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.000 - 50.100 CW, Beacons<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.100 - 50.300 SSB, CW<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t50.100 - 50.125 DX Window<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t50.125 SSB Calling Frequency<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.260 WSJT Calling Frequency<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.270 FSK Meteorscatter<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.290 PSK31 (SSB)<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.300 - 50.600 All Modes<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.300 FM Simplex Calling Frequency (West Coast)<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.400 AM Calling Frequency<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: windowtext 1pt solid; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.600 - 50.800 Digital<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">50.680 SSTV<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t50.800 - 51.000 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t51.000 - 51.100 Pacific DX Window<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t51.120 - 51.180 Digital<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">51.120 PSK31 (FM)<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\t<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\">51.200 - 51.480 FM Repeater Inputs<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t51.500 - 51.600FM Simplex<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t51.620 - 51.680 Digital<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t51.700 - 51.980 FM Repeater Outputs<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; color: black; font-size: 12pt\">52.020 - 52.040 FM Simplex<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t52.060 - 52.480 FM Repeater Inputs<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t52.525 FM Simplex Calling Frequency<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t52.540 FM Simplex<\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\">52.560 - 52.980 FM Repeater Outputs<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.000 - 53.020 FM Simplex<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.040 - 53.480 FM Repeater Inputs<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t\t<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\">53.100 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.200 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.300 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.400 Remote Control<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\">53.500 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.520 FM Simplex<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.540 - 53.980 FM Repeater Outputs<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t\t<td style=\"border-bottom: windowtext 1pt solid; border-left: #000000; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0.5pt; width: 1.3in; padding-right: 0.5pt; background: white; border-top: #000000; border-right: windowtext 1pt solid; padding-top: 0in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt\" width=\"125\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<b><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\">53.600 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.700 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.800 Remote Control<br \/>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t53.900 FM Simplex<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\r\n\t\t\t<\/tr>\r\n\t\t<\/tbody>\r\n\t<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p align=\"center\" class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 'serif'; font-size: 12pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 5pt 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none\">\r\n\t<span style=\"font-family: 'arial', 'sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt\"><o:p>&nbsp;<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 10pt\">\r\n\t<o:p><font face=\"Calibri\" size=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/o:p><\/p>","esyndicat_action_claim-listing":"Claim Listing","validate_listing_owner":"Validate Listing Owner","error_claim_code":"Error. Your code is not found.","claim_this_link":"Claim Listing","meta_validation":"Meta Validation Method","file_validation":"File Validation Method","claim_text":"<p>To edit your listing you should add the following code to {url} as it's shown below:<\/p>\r\n<pre><input size=\"100\" type=\"text\" readonly=\"readonly\" style=\"background:#eee;border:1px solid; height:13px; font-size:10px; padding:2px; \" value=\"<meta name='esyn-verification' content='{owner_code}' \/>\" \/><\/pre>","claim_text2":"<ul>\r\n\t<li>Create a text file called {domain}.txt containing:<b> {owner_code}<\/b><\/li>\r\n\t<li>Upload it to {url}<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"field\">The full address is <a href=\"{url}\/{domain}.txt\">{url}\/{domain}.txt<\/a>. This file can be removed after verification.<\/p>","directions":"Directions","print_directions":"Print Directions","google_map":"Google Map"};intelli.langList = {"en":"English"};